3.6c, 3.7a, 3.7b Flashcards
Define a sustainable city.
A sustainable city is one that provides a good quality of life for all residents without using resources that hinder QoL and environmental factors.
What 4 factors make a sustainable city?
Good public transport - don’t need to use their own transport and contribute to emissions.
Good waste disposal
Good services - health and education
Affordable housing.
What is a top-down strategy?
A large scale project involving the government and TNCs, it has little involvement with the people that will be affected.
Name a top-down project in Mumbai, regarding waste disposal and the reason it was instigated.
The Gorai Garbage Site Closure Project.
- Was a full landfill site with waste 27m deep.
- Unpleasant methane smell and toxic gas emission
- 2007 - supreme court ordered for improvements
What took place in the Gorai Garbage Site Closure?
- Garbage reshaped into a hill, covered in lining to prevent leeching.
- Grass planted to create 19 hectare plant
- Methane capture technology generates power.
What are the advantages of the Gorai Garbage Site closure?
- Big budget
- The 18.4 million people are now living with better air quality as less toxic gasses are released
- Recreational park can become a carbon sink.
- Better social connections between people.
- Recyclable energy is being created from the byproduct of landfill.
- Payback time of 2 years. (In 20 years due to the energy scheme they will make a £65m profit).
What are the disadvantages of the Gorai Garbage Site closure?
- Damage of pollution has been done, action should’ve been taken earlier.
- House prices increase in Gorai making it less affordable and hence less sustainable.
- The garbage is still prevalent and more should be done in the cause of recycling.
- Waste is not being managed properly as 17% of the waste is recyclable and 42% is compostable.
Name a top-down project in Mumbai, regarding transport and the reason it was instigated.
The Mumbai Monorail
- Roads getting clogged
- Main use of public transports was the environmentally unfriendly buses that travel very slowly.
- Wanted an alternative mode of public transport.
What took place in the Mumbai Monorail?
- A railway was built in Mumbai over a 5 year period when it should’ve taken 2
- It cost £310 million for the first section to be built.
What are the advantages of the Mumbai Monorail?
- Supposed to reduce congestion and give people an alternative mode of transport.
- Monorail is carbon free (it’s electric), no emissions
- More safe and reliable than road transport, less accidents and more on time.
- Can be constructed in built up areas and can travel consistently at 40mph.
What are the disadvantages of the Mumbai Monorail?
- Only 15,000 people a day use it compared to 6.3million people using the conventional railway.
- Since they charge 10p a ticket, the payback time is 566 years.
- Advantage for tourists, not local people because the route goes through industrial areas not the old city.
Name a top-down project in Mumbai, regarding water supply and the reason it was instigated.
Brihanmumbai municipal cooperation (BMC)
- The reservoirs hold enough water to supply Mumbai with water 24 hours a day but main parts of the city such as the CBD are limited to 6 hours a day.
- Because the pipe network is 100 year old.
- No maps of the network.
What took place in the BMC?
- Constructing 4 new dams adding 2.9 million litres of water daily providing a 24 hour water service.
- Improve the quality of the pipes to prevent leakages.
- Will be completed by March 2018’s.
- Cost £30 million
What are the advantages of the BMC?
- Round the clock clean water supply.
- Pipes are repairable as the network map will be available.
- Jobs created for construction and maintenance.
What are the disadvantages of the BMC?
- Space will taken up
- Greenhouses gasses will be emitted through construction
Are there top-down development schemes for air quality?
Not specifically but other schemes such as the Mumbai monorail and the Gorai Garbage site closure contribute to the improvement of air quality.
What is a bottom-up strategy
A large scheme conducted by an NGO, Non-profit organisation or other organisations involving the people that will be affected in decision.
Name a bottom up strategy relating to public hygiene.
SPARC and community toilet blocks.
- SPARC is an NGO.
- Provide fully functioning electric lighted toilets to use at a subscription fee of 25 rupees a month, you can use it any time of the month.
- 800 community blocks with separate blocks for children.
- 50% of Mumbai don’t have clean toilet access.
What are the advantages of the community toilet blocks?
- Improves hygiene for the poor/needy.
- Creates jobs for building.
- Cheap fee
- £50m revenue a year, helps for maintenance.
- Helps 200,000 people a month to find clean toilets.
What are the disadvantages of the community toilet blocks?
- People can vandalise the blocks
- Those in slums who need sanitary access may be unable to afford this fee.
- Should be governments responsibility to solve this issue, although many people are helped, it’s only 200,000 out of 9 million without access, so money should be provided.
Name a bottom-up strategy regarding education.
Hamara foundation
- 250,000 displaced children who have dropped out of school.
- The Hamara foundation provides social-work services for street children to improve their health and education.
What are the advantages of the Hamara foundation scheme?
- Provides free education to the needy.
- Provides life skills.
- Provides vocational training for 16-18 years such as computing, motor mechanics and hospitality.
What are the disadvantages of the Hamara foundation scheme?
- Not enough funding and as a result only 327 pupils helped in 2013-14.
What are plans to improve housing in Mumbai?
- Dharavi worth 10 billion USD.
- 1.1 million new low cost houses.
- Good connectivity (near railways)
- Water supply and sanitation for all residents
- Education and healthcare to be built for the new area.
