Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

W/Biophysics > 36. Respiratory biophysics & physical examination > Flashcards

36. Respiratory biophysics & physical examination Flashcards

1
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

At constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the capillary phenomenon?

A

capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between 2 static liquids due to surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Henry’s law equation

A

p = k * c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capillary phenomenon equation

A

dp = 2gamma / R
p : pressure
gamma : surface tension
R : radius of curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What doe surface tension result from?

A

surface tension results from the greater attraction of liquid molecules to each other (due to cohesion) than to the molecules in the air (due to adhesion), causing an inward force at the surface (like an elastic mb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is intrapulmonary pressure

A

Pressure exerted by gases within the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does intrapulmonary pressure change in the respiratory cycle?

A

it decreases as lung volume increases (inspiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does intrathoracic pressure change in the respiratory cycle?

A

It becomes more negative as the chest wall expands during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the transmural / transpulmonary pressure?

A

Pressure difference across the chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many dichotomic division are there

A

23-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many alveoli are there?

A

About 300 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Total alveolar area

A

About 100m²

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 membranes separating the gas exchange surfaces

A
  1. Alveolar epithelium
  2. basal membrane
  3. Endothelial membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 lung volumes?

A
  1. Tidal volume
  2. Expiratory reserve volume
  3. Inspiratory reserve volume
  4. Residual volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 lung capacities?

A
  1. Vital lung capacity
  2. Inspiratory capacity
  3. Functional residual capacity
  4. Total lung capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

Volume of air in the lung after passive expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the major mechanisms that drive pulmonary ventilation? (3)

A
  1. Atmospheric pressure
  2. Alveolar pressure
  3. Intra-pleural pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is eupnoe?

A

Normal breathing (14-16 /min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is polypnoe / tachypnoe?

A

Number of breaths over 16/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is dyspnoe?

A

Shortness of breath

21
Q

Compliance formula

A

C = V / P

22
Q

What is surfactant

A

protein produced by alveolar cells, reduces surface tension and thus reduces the pressure needed to keep the alveoli open

23
Q

Usual transmural pressure

A

0.7 kPa

24
Q

Usual respiratory volume

A

0.5 L

25
Q

Average work of the lungs (formula and value)

A

W = Ptm * V

0.35 J / inspiration (294J/h)

26
Q

What is inspection?

A

Visual examination of the patient

27
Q

What do you analyze with inspection?

A

Behavior, morphology, structure, color

28
Q

What is the cause of ictarus, jaundice?

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

29
Q

What is palpation?

A

Examining the patient by touching

30
Q

What do we analyze with palpation?

A

shape, location, firmness, elasticity, viscosity…

31
Q

What is distensibility?

A

Ability to be able to stretch and expand under pressure

32
Q

What is viscous matter?

A

Matter that resists shear flow and strain linearly with time when a stress is applied

33
Q

When does extension of the spring stop?

A

When the elastic spring force equals that of the external force

34
Q

What do we examine with percussion

A

Content, shape, boundaries

35
Q

What are the types of percussion sounds?

A

Flat, dull and resonating

36
Q

What is auscultation?

A

Examining the patient by listening to sound

37
Q

What is the 1st Korotkow’s sound?

A

Sharp thuds, starts at systolic pressure

38
Q

What is the 2nd Korotkow’s sound?

A

Blowing sound, almost silent

39
Q

What is the 3rd K sound?

A

crisp thud, quieter than phase 1

40
Q

What is the 4th sound?

A

Muffled sound

41
Q

What is the 5th K sound?

A

End of sound, diastolic pressure

42
Q

What sound does aortic stenosis produce?

A

systolic murmur

43
Q

What sound does mitral stenosis produce?

A

diastolic murmur

44
Q

What are pleural rubs and what can they be caused by?

A

mechanical vibrations, pleural friction due to inflammation or tumor

45
Q

What is lung wheezing?

A

mechanical resonance, obstruction of the air (athma)

46
Q

What are lung crackles?

A

Bubbling fluid through ducts (penumonia, bronchitis)

47
Q

What is crepitation in the lungs?

A

heart valves closing / opening

48
Q

What is the respiratory work?

A

Average energy invested to inhale and exhale a breathing gas

49
Q

What are the 3 types of lung sounds?

A
  1. Mechanical vibrations (rubs)
  2. Mechanical resonance (wheezing)
  3. Bubbling through fluid (crackles)

W/Biophysics (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions