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W/Biophysics > 22.23. Fluid flow, diffusion > Flashcards

22.23. Fluid flow, diffusion Flashcards

1
Q

Viscosity formula

A

η=t/D
t : sheer stress F/A
D : velocity gradient dV/dy

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2
Q

Viscosity of distilled water

A

1mPa*s

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3
Q

What is dynamic pressure?

A

1/2rho*v²

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4
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

rhogh

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5
Q

Bernoulli’s law equation

A

[1/2rhov²]+[rhog*h]+pstat = CST

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6
Q

Stokes law

A

F = 6piηrv
F : stokes drag, frictional force
v : flow rate

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7
Q

Stokes coefficient

A

Measure of the frag of an object in a moving fluid.

F = gamma * v

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8
Q

Average blood viscosity

A

5mPa*s

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9
Q

What is the normal range of hematocrit

A

40-50%

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10
Q

High-molecular weight proteins in plasma

A

Immunoglobulins, fibrinogen

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11
Q

Mean free path equation

A

L = v * τ
v : velocity
τ : average time between collisions

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12
Q

Diffusion constant equation

A

D = (v*L)/3

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13
Q

Mean speed of particles

A

vmean = sqrt [(3kT)/m]

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14
Q

Equation of mobility

A 
u = vdrift / E
u = vdrift / (f/q)
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15
Q

Unit of diffusion coefficient?

A

m²/s

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16
Q

Unit of matter flow density (flux)

A

mol/(m²*s)

17
Q

Unit of matter flow rate

A

mol/s

18
Q

Flow density and flow rate relation

A

Jv = Iv/A

19
Q

PC02 and PO2 in alveoli

A

PCO2 : 40 mmHg

P02 : 100 mmHG

20
Q

PCO2 and P02 in cell

A

PCO2 : 46 mmHg

P02 : 40 mmHg

21
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Hydrostatic pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent inwards flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable mb

22
Q

Osmotic pressure formula

A

pi = iMR*T
i : vanthoff factor
M : molar concentration (mol/L)

23
Q

What are streamlines?

A
  • They characterize the direction of motion

- The denser the lines, the greater the speed

24
Q

What does viscosity characterize?

A

It characterizes the internal friction of fluids and gases

25
Q

What causes viscosity?

A

resistance of fluid to inner interactions (gas have low interactions bw molecules)

26
Q

What is sheer stress?

A

force tending to cause deformation of a material by slippage along a plane (parallel)

27
Q

What are 4 main characteristics of an ideal fluid?

A
  1. No viscosity
  2. Doesn’t experience sheer stress
  3. Constant density
  4. Incompressible
28
Q

What is Bernoulli’s law?

A

in a stationary flow of an ideal fluid, the sum of all forms of energy along a streamline is the same at all points on that streamline

29
Q

What is plasma skimming?

A

natural separation of RBC from plasma at bifurcations - makes hematocrit of capillaries lower than that of arteries

30
Q

What is shear rate?

A

Shear rate is the rate of change of velocity at which one layer of fluid passes over an adjacent layer (velocity gradient)

31
Q

What is Newton’s law of friction?

A

sheer stress between adjacent fluid layers is proportional to the velocity gradient difference between the 2 layers

32
Q

What are the 6 main determinants of blood viscosity?

A
  1. Hematocrit
  2. Plasma viscosity
  3. Plasticity of RBC
  4. Aggregation of RBC
  5. Flow rate, velocity gradient
  6. Blood vessel diameter
33
Q

What is the random walk of particles?

A
  • Path of particles is a succession of random steps

- the particle travels a R(t) net distance from its original position in t time

34
Q

What are the 4 parameters used to describe transport of matter?

A
  1. Mean free path (average displacement)
  2. Drift speed
  3. Mobility
  4. Diffusion coefficient
35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

change in spatial distribution of particles because of random thermal motion

36
Q

On what 4 factors does heat conduction depend?

A
  1. temperature gradient
  2. cross section of the materials involved
  3. material length
  4. Properties of the material
37
Q

What is osmosis?

A

molecules of SOLVENT diffusing across partially permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one

38
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The concentration of a solution needed to keep balance with a heterogenous solution

W/Biophysics (24 decks)

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