3.6 Nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

what do nucleic acids contain

A

CHO + nitrogen + phosphorus

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2
Q

what are the 3 components on nucleotides

A
  • pentose monosaccharide
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogenous base
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3
Q

in DNA, what are the 4 bases divided into

A
  • pyrimidines = small bases with single carbon ring structures
  • purines = large bases with double carbon ring structures
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4
Q

pyrimidines

A

T and C

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5
Q

purines

A

A and G

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6
Q

structure of DNA

A
  • 2 strands of double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
  • each strand as phosphate group (5’) at one end and hydroxyl group (3’) at other
  • anti parallel strands running in opposite directions
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7
Q

complementary base pairing

A

A and T = 2 hydrogen bonds
C and G = 3 hydrogen bonds

purine always binds to pyrimidine maintaining constant distance between backbones

equal amounts of A and T/ C and G

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8
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA vs RNA

A

DNA = deoxyribose

RNA = ribose

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9
Q

RNA

A
  • essential role in transfer of genetic info from DNA—> proteins
  • mRNA leaves nucleus as DNA is too large
  • T is replaced by uracil (U)
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10
Q

what happens to RNA molecules after protein synthesis

A

degraded in the cytoplasm

phosphodiester bonds = hydrolysed
RNA nucleotides =released and reused

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11
Q

explain the process of DNA extraction

A
  1. grind sample (breaks down cell walls)
  2. mix sample with detergent (breast down cell membrane to release cell contents into solution)
  3. add salt (breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA and water)
  4. add protease enzyme (break down proteins associated with DNA in nuclei)
  5. add layer of alcohol on top of sample (causes DNA to precipitate out of solution)
  6. DNA is seen as white strands between sample and alcohol layer, picked up by ‘spooling’ on a glass rod
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