3.3 Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
general formula of carbohydrates
A
Cn(H2O)n
2
Q
what do carbohydrates contain
A
CHO
3
Q
monosaccharides
A
glucose
fructose
ribose
4
Q
disaccharides
A
lactose
sucrose
5
Q
polysaccharides
A
glycogen
cellulose
starch
6
Q
glucose
A
- C6H12O6
- hexose monosaccharide
- alpha glucose (OH below the plane)
- beta glucose (OH above the plane)
7
Q
polarity of glucose
A
polar and therefore soluble in water
importance = glucose dissolves in cytosol of cells
8
Q
amylose
A
- formed by alpha glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- unbranched
- more compact and less soluble
9
Q
amylopectin
A
- made up of 1-4 glycosidic bonds and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- branched
10
Q
glycogen
A
- used for storage of glucose subunits and energy in animal cells
- more 1-6 glycosidic bonds so more branched
- many ends so glucose can be added/removed quickly
- insoluble and compact
11
Q
starch
A
- storage of glucose made by photosynthesis in plants
- chemical energy store
12
Q
what is hydrolysis
A
- storage of glucose made by photosynthesis in plants
- chemical energy store
13
Q
cellulose
A
- made by beta glucose molecules
- straight chained
14
Q
how does cellulose make fibres
A
cellulose + cellulose (hydrogen bonds)
=microfibril + microfibril
=macrofibril + macrofibril
=fibres
15
Q
properties of fibres
A
strong and insoluble = good for cell walls
hard to break down = important in the diet
