3.6 Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Names

Question 1

In contrast to ionic compounds, the formula for a molecular compound cannot readily be determined from its constituent ______ because the same combination of ______ may form many different molecular compounds, each with a different ______ .

Answer 1

In contrast to ionic compounds, the formula for a molecular compound cannot readily be determined from its constituent elements because the same combination of elements may form many different molecular compounds, each with a different formula.

Question 2

Like ionic compounds, many molecular compounds have ______ ______.

Answer 2

Like ionic compounds, many molecular compounds have common names.

Question 3

molecular compounds are composed of two or more ______. In this section, you learn how to name binary (two-element) molecular compounds.

Answer 3

molecular compounds are composed of two or more nonmetals . In this section, you learn how to name binary (two-element) molecular compounds.

Question 4

When writing the name of a molecular compound, as when writing the formula, the first element is the more metal-like one (toward the left and bottom of the periodic table). Generally, write the ____ of the element with the smallest ______ number first. If the two elements lie in the same ____, then write the element with the ______ row number first. The prefixes given to each element indicate the number of atoms present

Answer 4

W hen writing the name of a molecular compound, as when writing the formula, the first element is the more metal-like one (toward the left and bottom of the periodic table). Generally, write the name of the element with the smallest group number first. If the two elements lie in the same group, then write the element with the greatest row number first. The prefixes given to each element indicate the number of atoms present

Question 5

If there is only one atom of the first element in the formula, the prefix _____- is normally omitted.

Answer 5

If there is only one atom of the first element in the formula, the prefix mono - is normally omitted.

Question 6

we name NO2 according to the first element, nitrogen , with no _____ because mono- is omitted for the first element, followed by the prefix di, to indicate two oxygen atoms, and the base name of the second element, ox, with the ending - ide. Its full name is _____ _____.

Answer 6

we name NO2 according to the first element, nitrogen , with no prefix because mono- is omitted for the first element, followed by the prefix di, to indicate two oxygen atoms, and the base name of the second element, ox, with the ending - ide. Its full name is nitrogen dioxide.

Question 7

Name each compound.

NI3

Answer 7

The name of the compound is the name of the first element, nitrogen , followed by the base name of the second element, iod, prefixed by tri- to indicate three and given the suffix - ide.

NI3 nitrogen triiodide

Question 8

Name each compound.

PCl5

Answer 8

The name of the compound is the name of the first element, phosphorus , followed by the base name of the second element, chlor , prefixed by penta- to indicate five and given the suffix - ide .

PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride

Question 9

Name each compound.

P4S10

Answer 9

The name of the compound is the name of the first element, phosphorus , prefixed by tetra- to indicate four, followed by the base name of the second element, sulf , prefixed by deca to indicate ten and given the suffix - ide .

P4S10 tetraphosphorus decasulfide

Question 10

Define acids

Answer 10

molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Question 11

Acids are composed of _____, usually written ____ in their formula, and one or more _____, written second

Answer 11

Acids are composed of hydrogen, usually written first in their formula, and one or more nonmetals, written second

Question 12

HCl is a molecular compound that, when dissolved in water, forms _____ and ____ ions, where _____ ( aq ) means dissolved in water .

Answer 12

, HCl is a molecular compound that, when dissolved in water, forms H+(aq) and Cl-(aq) ions, where aqueous ( aq ) means dissolved in water .

Question 13

Acids are characterized by their sour taste and their ability to dissolve many _____.

Answer 13

Acids are characterized by their sour taste and their ability to dissolve many metals.

Question 14

Binary acids are composed of ________ and a ________

Answer 14

Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal

Question 15

HCl( aq ) is ________and HBr( aq ) is ________

Answer 15

HCl( aq ) is hydrochloric acid and HBr( aq ) is hydrobromic acid.

Question 16

Name HI( aq )

Answer 16

The base name of I is iod , so HI( aq ) is hydroiodic acid

Question 17

________ contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (an anion containing a ________ and o xygen).

Answer 17

Oxyacids contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (an anion containing a nonmetal and o xygen).

Question 18

HNO3(aq) contains the ____ (NO3-) ion, H2SO3(aq) contains the sulfite (____) ion, and H2SO4(aq) contains the ____ (SO42-) ion.

Answer 18

HNO3(aq) contains the nitrate (NO3-) ion, H2SO3(aq) contains the sulfite (SO32-) ion, and H2SO4(aq) contains the sulfate (SO42-) ion.

Question 19

HNO3(aq) is nitric acid (____ is nitrate), and H2SO3(aq) is sulfurous acid (____ is sulfite).

Answer 19

HNO3(aq) is nitric acid (oxyanion is nitrate), and H2SO3(aq) is sulfurous acid (oxyanion is sulfite).

Question 20

Name HC2H3O2(aq) .

Answer 20

The oxyanion is acetate, which ends in - ate; therefore, the name of the acid is aceticacid .
HC2H3O2(aq) acetic acid