3.2 Chemical Bonds Flashcards
<p>Compounds are composed of atoms held together by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_. </p>
<p>Compounds are composed of atoms held together by chemical bonds. </p>
Chemical bonds result from the attractions between the _____ _____ (the electrons and protons) that compose ____.
Chemical bonds result from the attractions between the charged particles (the electrons and protons) that compose atoms.
charged particles exert forces on one another: like charges _____ and opposite charges _____.
charged particles exert forces on one another: like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
electrostatic forces are responsible for _____ _____ .
These electrostatic forces are responsible for chemical bonding.
We can broadly classify most chemical bonds into two types: _____ and _____.
We can broadly classify most chemical bonds into two types: ionic and covalent.
_____ _____ — which occur between metals and nonmetals—involve the transfer of _____ from one atom to another
Ionic bonds— which occur between metals and nonmetals—involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another
_____ _____ — which occur between two or more nonmetals—involve the sharing of _____ between two atoms.
Covalent bonds— which occur between two or more nonmetals—involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms.
metals have a tendency to lose _______ and that nonmetals have a tendency to gain them.
metals have a tendency to lose electrons and that nonmetals have a tendency to gain them.
when a metal interacts with a nonmetal, it can transfer one or more of….
when a metal interacts with a nonmetal, it can transfer one or more of its electrons to the nonmetal.
The metal atom then becomes a
____ (a positively charged ion), and the nonmetal atom becomes an ____ (a negatively charged ion)
The metal atom then becomes a
cation (a positively charged ion), and the nonmetal atom becomes an anion (a negatively charged ion)
These oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces and form an _____ ___
These oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces and form an ionic bond
_____ ___ which in the solid phase is composed of a lattice—a regular three-dimensional array—of alternating cations and anions.
ionic compound, which in the solid phase is composed of a lattice—a regular three-dimensional array—of alternating cations and anions.
Covalent Bonds is when a….
When a nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal, neither atom transfers its electron to the other.
Covalent bonds: Instead the bonding atoms share some of their ________.
Covalent bonds: Instead the bonding atoms share some of their electrons.
The shared electrons have lower ____ ____ than they would in the ____ ____ because they interact with the ____ of both atoms.
The shared electrons have lower potential energy than they would in the isolated atoms because they interact with the nuclei of both atoms.
The bond is called a ____ ____ and the ____ ____ atoms compose a _______.
The bond is called a covalent bond and the covalently bound atoms compose a molecule.
Each molecule is independent of the others—the m olecules are themselves not covalently bound to one another. Therefore, we call covalently bonded compounds ____ ____.
Each molecule is independent of the others—the m olecules are themselves not covalently bound to one another. Therefore, we call covalently bonded compounds molecular compounds .
We can begin to understand the stability of a ____ ____ by considering the most stable (or lowest ____ ____) configuration of a ____ ____ interacting with two ____ ____ (which are separated by some small distance).
We can begin to understand the stability of a covalent bond by considering the most stable (or lowest potential energy) configuration of a negative charge interacting with two positive charges (which are separated by some small distance).
the lowest potential energy occurs when the negative charge lies ______ the two positive charges because in this arrangement the negative charge can interact with ____ ____ ____.
the lowest potential energy occurs when the negative charge lies between the two positive charges because in this arrangement the negative charge can interact with both positive charges.
shared electrons in a ____ ____ ____ hold the bonding atoms together by attracting the positively charged nuclei of both bonding atoms.
shared electrons in a covalent chemical bond hold the bonding atoms together by attracting the positively charged nuclei of both bonding atoms.
