3.5 Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names Flashcards
Ionic compounds occur throughout Earth’s crust as _______.
Ionic compounds occur throughout Earth’s crust as minerals.
Ionic compounds are generally very ______ because the attractions between cations and anions within ionic compounds are _____ and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ___ in the crystalline lattice.
Ionic compounds are generally very stable because the attractions between cations and anions within ionic compounds are strong and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ions in the crystalline lattice.
Since ionic compounds are _____-_____, and since many elements form only one type of ___ with a predictable charge, we can deduce the formulas for many ionic compounds from their constituent elements.
Since ionic compounds are charge-neutral, and since many elements form only one type of ion with a predictable charge, we can deduce the formulas for many ionic compounds from their constituent elements.
Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:
Ionic compounds always contain ____ and ____ ions
Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:
In a chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the _____ ___ (cations) must equal the sum of the charges of the _____ ___ (anions).
In a chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the positive ions (cations) must equal the sum of the charges of the negative ions (anions).
Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:
The formula of an ionic compound reflects the smallest _____-_____ ratio of ions.
The formula of an ionic compound reflects the smallest whole-number ratio of ions.
PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds
- Write the symbol for the _____ cation and its charge followed by the symbol for the _____ anion and its charge. Determine _____ from the element’s group number in the periodic table
- Write the symbol for the metal cation and its charge followed by the symbol for the nonmetal anion and its charge. Determine charges from the element’s group number in the periodic table
PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds
- Adjust the ______ on each cation and anion to balance the overall _____ .
- Adjust the subscript on each cation and anion to balance the overall charge.
PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds
- Check that the sum of the charges of the cations ______ the sum of the charges of the anions.
- Check that the sum of the charges of the cations equals the sum of the charges of the anions.
chemists have developed _________ ______ for different types of compounds including ionic ones
chemists have developed systematic names for different types of compounds including ionic ones
Even if you are not familiar with a compound, you can determine its systematic name from its ________ ________.
Even if you are not familiar with a compound, you can determine its systematic name from its chemical formula.
you can deduce the formula of a compound from its ________ _____.
you can deduce the formula of a compound from its systematic name.
The first step in naming an ionic compound is to identify it as___.
The first step in naming an ionic compound is to identify it asone.
ionic compounds are usually composed of ______ and ________ ; any time you see a ______ and one or more ______ together in a chemical formula, assume that you have an ionic compound.
ionic compounds are usually composed of metals and nonmetals; any time you see a metal and one or more nonmetals together in a chemical formula, assume that you have an ionic compound.
Ionic compounds can be categorized into ____ types, depending on the ____ in the compound.
Ionic compounds can be categorized into two types, depending on the metal in the compound.
The first type contains a metal whose charge is ______ from one compound to another.
The first type contains a metal whose charge is invariant from one compound to another
Whenever the metal in this first type of compound forms an ___ the __ always has the same ______.
Whenever the metal in this first type of compound forms an ion, the ion always has the same charge.
Since the charge of the metal in this first type of ionic compound is always the ____, it need not be specified in the ____ of the compound.
Since the charge of the metal in this first type of ionic compound is always the same, it need not be specified in the name of the compound.
The second type of ionic compound contains a ____ with a charge that can ____ in different ________.
The second type of ionic compound contains a metal with a charge that can differ in different compounds.
The metal in this second type of ionic compound can form more than one kind of _____ (depending on the compound), and its charge must therefore be specified for a given compound.
The metal in this second type of ionic compound can form more than one kind of cation (depending on the compound), and its charge must therefore be specified for a given compound.
Binary compounds contain only ___ different elements.
Binary compounds contain only two different elements.
the name for KCl consists of the name of the _____ , potassium, followed by the base name of the _____ , chlor, with the ending -ide . Its full name is potassium chloride.
the name for KCl consists of the name of the cation, potassium , followed by the base name of the anion, chlor, with the ending - ide . Its full name is potassium chloride.
The name for CaO consists of the name of the _____, calcium , followed by the base name of the _____ ox , with the ending -ide. Its full name is calcium oxide
The name for CaO consists of the name of the cation, calcium , followed by the base name of the anion, ox , with the ending -ide. Its full name is calcium oxide
Name the compound CaBr2.
The cation is calcium . The anion is from bromine, which becomes bromide . The correct name is calcium bromide
For these types of metals, the name of the cation is followed by a _____ _____ (inparentheses) that indicates the _____ of the metal in that particular compound.
For these types of metals, the name of the cation is followed by a roman numeral (inparentheses) that indicates the charge of the metal in that particular compound.
For example, we distinguish between Fe2+ and Fe3+ as follows:
Fe2+ __________ iron(II)
Fe3+ __________ iron(III)
You can determine the charge of the metal_____ by inference from the sum of the charges of the nonmetal _____—remember that the sum of all the charges in the compound must be _____
You can determine the charge of the metal cation by inference from the sum of the charges of the nonmetal anions—remember that the sum of all the charges in the compound must be zero
Cr3+ cation is named:
chromium(III)
what is the full name of CrBr3
chromium(III)bromide
Cu2+, in CuO the charge of copper must be 2+ in order for the compound to be _____-_____ with one O2- _____. The cation is therefore named
copper(II)oxide
Naming Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms More Than One Kind of Cation
Name the compound PbCl4
The charge on Pb must be 4+ for the compound to be charge-neutral with four Cl- anions. The name for PbCl4 is the name of the cation, lead , followed by the charge of the cation in parentheses (IV) and the base name of the anion, chlor , with the ending - ide . The full name is lead(IV) chloride .
We name ionic compounds that contain a polyatomic ion in the same way as other ionic compounds, except that we use the name of the _____ __ whenever it occurs.
we name ionic compounds that contain a polyatomic ion in the same way as other ionic compounds, except that we use the name of the polyatomic ion whenever it occurs.
NaNO2 is named according to its _____, Na+ ( sodium ), and its _____ _____, NO2- ( nitrite ).
NaNO2 is named according to its cation, Na+ ( sodium ), and its polyatomic anion, NO2- ( nitrite ).
NaNO2 sodium nitrite
FeSO4 Is named according to its cation iron , its charge (II) , and its polyatomic ion sulfate . Its full name is _____ _____.
FeSO4 Is named according to its cation iron , its charge (II) , and its polyatomic ion sulfate . Its full name is iron(II) sulfate. FeSO4 iron(II) sulfate
If the compound contains both a _____ cation and a polyatomic anion, use the names of both polyatomic ions. For example, NH4NO3 is _____ _____ .
If the compound contains both a polyatomic cation and a polyatomic anion, use the names of both polyatomic ions. For example, NH4NO3 is ammonium nitrate. NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate
You should be able to recognize polyatomic ions in a chemical formula,
You should be able to recognize polyatomic ions in a chemical formula,
Most polyatomic ions are _____, anions containing oxygen and another element
Most polyatomic ions are oxyanions, anions containing oxygen and another element
Notice that when a series of _____ contains different numbers of oxygen atoms, they are named systematically according to the _____ of oxygen atoms in the ion.
Notice that when a series of oxyanions contains different numbers of oxygen atoms, they are named systematically according to the number of oxygen atoms in the ion.
If there are only two ions in the series, the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending -__ and the one with fewer has the ending -___. For example, NO3- is nitrate and NO2- is nitrite .
If there are only two ions in the series, the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending -ate and the one with fewer has the ending -ite. For example, NO3- is nitrate and NO2- is nitrite .
NO3- is _____
____ is nitrite.
NO3- is nitrate
NO2- is nitrite
If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes ____ - , meaning less than, and ____-, meaning more than, are used.
If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo- , meaning less than , and per- , meaning more than , are used.
prefix and suffix?
ClO- ___chlor___
ClO- hypochlorite
suffix?
ClO2- chlor__
ClO2- chlor ite
If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo- , meaning ____ ____, and per- , meaning ____ ____, are used.
If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo-, meaning less than, and per-, meaning more than, are used.
prefix and suffix?
ClO- ____chlor____
ClO- hypochlorite
suffix?
ClO2- chlor___
ClO2- chlor ite
suffix?
ClO3- chlor ___
ClO3- chlor ate
prefix and suffix?
ClO4- ___chlor___
ClO4- per chlor ate
Naming Ionic Compounds That Contain a Polyatomic Ion
Name the compound Li2Cr2O7 .
The name for Li2Cr2O7 is the name of the cation, lithium , followed by the name of the polyatomic ion, dichromate. Its full name is lithium dichromate . Li2Cr2O7 lithium dichromate
Some ionic compounds—called _____— contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
Some ionic compounds—called hydrates— contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
the formula for epsom salts is MgSO4*7H2O and its systematic name is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The seven H2O molecules associated with the formula unit are _____ __ _____.
the formula for epsom salts is MgSO4*7H2O and its systematic name is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The seven H2O molecules associated with the formula unit are waters of hydration.
Waters of hydration can usually be removed by _____ the compound.
Waters of hydration can usually be removed by heating the compound.
Hydrates are named just as other ionic compounds, but they are given the additional name “_____ _____ ,” where the _____ indicates the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit.
Hydrates are named just as other ionic compounds, but they are given the additional name “ prefix hydrate,” where the prefix indicates the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit.
common hydrated ionic compounds and their names are as follows:
CaSO4 * (1/2)H2O
whats its name?
calcium sulfate hemi hydrate
whats its name?
BaCl2 * (6)H2O
barium chloride hexahydrate
whats its name?
CuSO4 * (5)H2O
copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate
