3.5 Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Names

Question 1

Ionic compounds occur throughout Earth’s crust as _______.

Answer 1

Ionic compounds occur throughout Earth’s crust as minerals.

Question 2

Ionic compounds are generally very ______ because the attractions between cations and anions within ionic compounds are _____ and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ___ in the crystalline lattice.

Answer 2

Ionic compounds are generally very stable because the attractions between cations and anions within ionic compounds are strong and because each ion interacts with several oppositely charged ions in the crystalline lattice.

Question 3

Since ionic compounds are _____-_____, and since many elements form only one type of ___ with a predictable charge, we can deduce the formulas for many ionic compounds from their constituent elements.

Answer 3

Since ionic compounds are charge-neutral, and since many elements form only one type of ion with a predictable charge, we can deduce the formulas for many ionic compounds from their constituent elements.

Question 4

Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:

Ionic compounds always contain ____ and ____ ions

Answer 4

Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions

Question 5

Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:

In a chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the _____ ___ (cations) must equal the sum of the charges of the _____ ___ (anions).

Answer 5

In a chemical formula, the sum of the charges of the positive ions (cations) must equal the sum of the charges of the negative ions (anions).

Question 6

Summarizing Ionic
Compound Formulas:

The formula of an ionic compound reflects the smallest _____-_____ ratio of ions.

Answer 6

The formula of an ionic compound reflects the smallest whole-number ratio of ions.

Question 7

PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds

1. Write the symbol for the _____ cation and its charge followed by the symbol for the _____ anion and its charge. Determine _____ from the element’s group number in the periodic table

Answer 7

1. Write the symbol for the metal cation and its charge followed by the symbol for the nonmetal anion and its charge. Determine charges from the element’s group number in the periodic table

Question 8

PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds

2. Adjust the ______ on each cation and anion to balance the overall _____ .

Answer 8

2. Adjust the subscript on each cation and anion to balance the overall charge.

Question 9

PROCEDURE FOR… Writing Formulas for IonicCompounds

3. Check that the sum of the charges of the cations ______ the sum of the charges of the anions.

Answer 9

3. Check that the sum of the charges of the cations equals the sum of the charges of the anions.

Question 10

chemists have developed _________ ______ for different types of compounds including ionic ones

Answer 10

chemists have developed systematic names for different types of compounds including ionic ones

Question 11

Even if you are not familiar with a compound, you can determine its systematic name from its ________ ________.

Answer 11

Even if you are not familiar with a compound, you can determine its systematic name from its chemical formula.

Question 12

you can deduce the formula of a compound from its ________ _____.

Answer 12

you can deduce the formula of a compound from its systematic name.

Question 13

The first step in naming an ionic compound is to identify it as___.

Answer 13

The first step in naming an ionic compound is to identify it asone.

Question 14

ionic compounds are usually composed of ______ and ________ ; any time you see a ______ and one or more ______ together in a chemical formula, assume that you have an ionic compound.

Answer 14

ionic compounds are usually composed of metals and nonmetals; any time you see a metal and one or more nonmetals together in a chemical formula, assume that you have an ionic compound.

Question 15

Ionic compounds can be categorized into ____ types, depending on the ____ in the compound.

Answer 15

Ionic compounds can be categorized into two types, depending on the metal in the compound.

Question 16

The first type contains a metal whose charge is ______ from one compound to another.

Answer 16

The first type contains a metal whose charge is invariant from one compound to another

Question 17

Whenever the metal in this first type of compound forms an ___ the __ always has the same ______.

Answer 17

Whenever the metal in this first type of compound forms an ion, the ion always has the same charge.

Question 18

Since the charge of the metal in this first type of ionic compound is always the ____, it need not be specified in the ____ of the compound.

Answer 18

Since the charge of the metal in this first type of ionic compound is always the same, it need not be specified in the name of the compound.

Question 19

The second type of ionic compound contains a ____ with a charge that can ____ in different ________.

Answer 19

The second type of ionic compound contains a metal with a charge that can differ in different compounds.

Question 20

The metal in this second type of ionic compound can form more than one kind of _____ (depending on the compound), and its charge must therefore be specified for a given compound.

Answer 20

The metal in this second type of ionic compound can form more than one kind of cation (depending on the compound), and its charge must therefore be specified for a given compound.

Question 21

Binary compounds contain only ___ different elements.

Answer 21

Binary compounds contain only two different elements.

Question 22

the name for KCl consists of the name of the _____ , potassium, followed by the base name of the _____ , chlor, with the ending -ide . Its full name is potassium chloride.

Answer 22

the name for KCl consists of the name of the cation, potassium , followed by the base name of the anion, chlor, with the ending - ide . Its full name is potassium chloride.

Question 23

The name for CaO consists of the name of the _____, calcium , followed by the base name of the _____ ox , with the ending -ide. Its full name is calcium oxide

Answer 23

The name for CaO consists of the name of the cation, calcium , followed by the base name of the anion, ox , with the ending -ide. Its full name is calcium oxide

Question 24

Name the compound CaBr2.

Answer 24

The cation is calcium . The anion is from bromine, which becomes bromide . The correct name is calcium bromide

Question 25

For these types of metals, the name of the cation is followed by a _____ _____ (in parentheses) that indicates the _____ of the metal in that particular compound.

Answer 25

For these types of metals, the name of the cation is followed by a roman numeral (in parentheses) that indicates the charge of the metal in that particular compound.

Question 26

For example, we distinguish between Fe2+ and Fe3+ as follows:

Answer 26

Fe2+ __________ iron(II) | Fe3+ __________ iron(III)

Question 27

You can determine the charge of the metal_____ by inference from the sum of the charges of the nonmetal _____—remember that the sum of all the charges in the compound must be _____

Answer 27

You can determine the charge of the metal cation by inference from the sum of the charges of the nonmetal anions—remember that the sum of all the charges in the compound must be zero

Question 28

Cr3+ cation is named:

Answer 28

chromium(III)

Question 29

what is the full name of CrBr3

Answer 29

chromium(III)bromide

Question 30

Cu2+, in CuO the charge of copper must be 2+ in order for the compound to be _____-_____ with one O2- _____. The cation is therefore named

Answer 30

copper(II)oxide

Question 31

Naming Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms More Than One Kind of Cation Name the compound PbCl4

Answer 31

The charge on Pb must be 4+ for the compound to be charge-neutral with four Cl- anions. The name for PbCl4 is the name of the cation, lead , followed by the charge of the cation in parentheses (IV) and the base name of the anion, chlor , with the ending - ide . The full name is lead(IV) chloride .

Question 32

We name ionic compounds that contain a polyatomic ion in the same way as other ionic compounds, except that we use the name of the _____ __ whenever it occurs.

Answer 32

we name ionic compounds that contain a polyatomic ion in the same way as other ionic compounds, except that we use the name of the polyatomic ion whenever it occurs.

Question 33

NaNO2 is named according to its _____, Na+ ( sodium ), and its _____ _____, NO2- ( nitrite ).

Answer 33

NaNO2 is named according to its cation, Na+ ( sodium ), and its polyatomic anion, NO2- ( nitrite ). NaNO2 sodium nitrite

Question 34

FeSO4 Is named according to its cation iron , its charge (II) , and its polyatomic ion sulfate . Its full name is _____ _____.

Answer 34

FeSO4 Is named according to its cation iron , its charge (II) , and its polyatomic ion sulfate . Its full name is iron(II) sulfate. FeSO4 iron(II) sulfate

Question 35

If the compound contains both a _____ cation and a polyatomic anion, use the names of both polyatomic ions. For example, NH4NO3 is _____ _____ .

Answer 35

If the compound contains both a polyatomic cation and a polyatomic anion, use the names of both polyatomic ions. For example, NH4NO3 is ammonium nitrate. NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate

Question 36

You should be able to recognize polyatomic ions in a chemical formula,

Answer 36

You should be able to recognize polyatomic ions in a chemical formula,

Question 37

Most polyatomic ions are _____, anions containing oxygen and another element

Answer 37

Most polyatomic ions are oxyanions, anions containing oxygen and another element

Question 38

Notice that when a series of _____ contains different numbers of oxygen atoms, they are named systematically according to the _____ of oxygen atoms in the ion.

Answer 38

Notice that when a series of oxyanions contains different numbers of oxygen atoms, they are named systematically according to the number of oxygen atoms in the ion.

Question 39

If there are only two ions in the series, the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending -__ and the one with fewer has the ending -___. For example, NO3- is nitrate and NO2- is nitrite .

Answer 39

If there are only two ions in the series, the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending -ate and the one with fewer has the ending -ite. For example, NO3- is nitrate and NO2- is nitrite .

Question 40

NO3- is _____ ____ is nitrite.

Answer 40

NO3- is nitrate | NO2- is nitrite

Question 41

If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes ____ - , meaning less than, and ____-, meaning more than, are used.

Answer 41

If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo- , meaning less than , and per- , meaning more than , are used.

Question 42

prefix and suffix? | ClO- ___chlor___

Answer 42

ClO- hypochlorite

Question 43

suffix? | ClO2- chlor__

Answer 43

ClO2- chlor ite

Question 44

If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo- , meaning ____ ____, and per- , meaning ____ ____, are used.

Answer 44

If there are more than two ions in the series, then the prefixes hypo-, meaning less than, and per-, meaning more than, are used.

Question 45

prefix and suffix? ClO- ____chlor____

Answer 45

ClO- hypochlorite

Question 46

suffix? | ClO2- chlor___

Answer 46

ClO2- chlor ite

Question 47

suffix? | ClO3- chlor ___

Answer 47

ClO3- chlor ate

Question 48

prefix and suffix? | ClO4- ___chlor___

Answer 48

ClO4- per chlor ate

Question 49

Naming Ionic Compounds That Contain a Polyatomic Ion Name the compound Li2Cr2O7 .

Answer 49

The name for Li2Cr2O7 is the name of the cation, lithium , followed by the name of the polyatomic ion, dichromate. Its full name is lithium dichromate . Li2Cr2O7 lithium dichromate

Question 50

Some ionic compounds—called _____— contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

Answer 50

Some ionic compounds—called hydrates— contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

Question 51

the formula for epsom salts is MgSO4*7H2O and its systematic name is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The seven H2O molecules associated with the formula unit are _____ __ _____.

Answer 51

the formula for epsom salts is MgSO4*7H2O and its systematic name is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The seven H2O molecules associated with the formula unit are waters of hydration.

Question 52

Waters of hydration can usually be removed by _____ the compound.

Answer 52

Waters of hydration can usually be removed by heating the compound.

Question 53

Hydrates are named just as other ionic compounds, but they are given the additional name “_____ _____ ,” where the _____ indicates the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit.

Answer 53

Hydrates are named just as other ionic compounds, but they are given the additional name “ prefix hydrate,” where the prefix indicates the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit.

Question 54

common hydrated ionic compounds and their names are as follows: CaSO4 * (1/2)H2O whats its name?

Answer 54

calcium sulfate hemi hydrate

Question 55

whats its name? | BaCl2 * (6)H2O

Answer 55

barium chloride hexahydrate

Question 56

whats its name? CuSO4 * (5)H2O

Answer 56

copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate