3.6

Question 1

ethical concerns of globalisation

Answer 1

• increased industrial work and need for transport which leads to pollution and high C02 emissions
• some workers exploited
• corruption endemic/ way of life
• sub-contracting allows for weak governance eg sweatshops
• factories based in developing countries allows for poor health and safety regulations

Question 2

environmental problems of globalisation

Answer 2

• increased exploitation of natural resources in developing countries
• less strict regulations in developing countries leads to higher levels of air pollution
• increased length of production chain which causes further air, water and land pollution
• pollution and damage to ecosystems may cause long-term problems to ecosystems and people’s health

Question 3

ways to be ethical

Answer 3

• high prices paid to both growers and roasters
• workers own the co-operative
• high overall cost to consumer
• players work together positively
• fair trade
• organic
• use recycled/ recyclable packaging

Question 4

problems for consumers

Answer 4

• local food isn’t always available
• high environmental costs (heated greenhouses)
• food routed via depots so still has food miles
• unrealistic for local area to support large population of a city

Question 5

benefits of buying locally

Answer 5

• lower carbon footprint/ food miles
• food often organic (no pesticides)
• local farmers receive raised income

Question 6

problems for producers buying locally in UK

Answer 6

• farmers in LDC’s lose trade
• less sales creates surplus and prices will fluctuate
• makes it harder for farmers to access HIC markets

Question 7

concerns with transition towns

Answer 7

• missing out on globalisation eg national markets have greater buying power/ economies of scale
• not very inclusive beyond the town they are operating in
• disincentives for local businesses to operate sustainably
• products might not be produced in the most environmentally / resource efficient location
• cost of transport might be increased because of increased localism

Question 8

what does fair trade mean in theory

Answer 8

• helping the environment
• often organic food with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water
• help poorer farmers (surcharge goes to help raise incomes)
• you can show dislike to TNC by buying locally

Question 9

fair trade in reality

Answer 9

• less intensive organic food which requires more land grow to the equivalent amount of food
• higher price in fair trade leads to overproduction, depressing prices lower than original
• half of food transportation is cars so it is inefficient in comparison to big lorries.