3.6

Question 1

What does selective breeding of plants and animals involve?

Answer 1

Selecting the parents with desired characteristics,crossing them,selecting from their offspring then repeating this process over several generations

Question 2

What do cloning techniques involve?

Answer 2

Laboratory processes to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the donor parent

Question 3

Example of cloning technique-tissue culture

Answer 3

Fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function.

Question 4

Tissue culture-what may the tissue consist of?

Answer 4

A single cell,population of cells or a whole or part of an organ

Question 5

Genetic engineering involves-

Answer 5

The tanger of ‘foreign’ genes into the cells of animals or plants at an early stage in the development so that they develop with desired characteristics

Question 6

Arguments for genetic research

2

Answer 6

• seedless fruits produced-desired by consumers

* may offer cures for genetically inherited diseases

Question 7

Arguments against genetic research

3

Answer 7

• may reduce an animals life span or affect quality of life
• not a natural process
• techniques could be used to change a persons appearance/characteristics

Question 8

How is bacteria made to produce insulin

Answer 8

•small circles of DNA called plasmids are found in bacteria.
These are modified to include a piece of human DNA which contains instructions for making insulin
•the plasmid is then inserted into the bacteria escherichia coil. The bacteria now produces insulin
•the bacteria multiply quickly,and produce large quantities of insulin in a fermenter
•bacteria are then killed by heat (sterilisation) leaving behind the insulin.
The insulin is used to control blood glucose levels of people suffering from diabetes

Question 9

biotechnologists tissue culture

what does it allow?

Answer 9

the rapid production of many genetically identical plants that may be used for food
•also developed techniques that allow culture or animal and human organs

Question 10

tissue culture

Answer 10

fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function

Question 11

the cultured tissue may consist of what?

Answer 11

a single cell population or whole or part of an organism

Question 12

why have agricultural scientists worked to produce animals and crops with favourable characteristics

Answer 12

produce more food for the increased population