3.3

Question 1

Ionising radiation

3

Answer 1

Helpful but harmful
Certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum we use in our daily lives pose hazards that are specific to the type of electromagnetic wave
•cancer is diagnosed / treated using this

Question 2

Radiotherapy

Answer 2

The treatment of cancer using ionising radiation-this damages/destroys cells in the area being treated,making it impossible for the cells to continue to grow

Question 3

2 examples of transverse waves, and what do they form?

Answer 3

•x rays
•gamma rays
Form electromagnetic radiation

Question 4

What does an alpha particle consist of?

Answer 4

2 protons

2 neutrons

Question 5

What is beta?

Answer 5

An electron

Question 6

What is gamma?

Answer 6

Very high-energy (ionising) electromagnetic wave

Question 7

Alpha mass compared with proton

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Beta mass compared with proton

Answer 8

1/2000

Question 9

Gamma mass compared with proton

Answer 9

0

Question 10

Alpha charge compared with proton

Answer 10

+2

Question 11

Beta charge compared with proton

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

Gamma charge compared with proton

Answer 12

0

Question 13

How ionising is alpha?

Answer 13

Very

Question 14

How ionising is beta?

Answer 14

Weakly

Question 15

How ionising is gamma?

Answer 15

Very weakly

Question 16

Penetrating power of alpha

Answer 16

Absorbed by skin,thick paper or 10cm of air

Question 17

Penetrating power of beta

2

Answer 17

Passes through skin,thin aluminium or a few metres of air

•absorbed by lead

Question 18

Penetrating power of gamma

2

Answer 18

• Very penetrating.

* Partly absorbed by dense materials like lead or concrete

Question 19

What are gamma rays detected using?

Answer 19

A gamma camera.

Question 20

The use of high-energy (ionising) radiation….

Answer 20

Can be dangerous and needs to be monitored

Question 21

What do people who work with radiation wear?

Answer 21

Film badges

Question 22

Why are film badges monitored regularly to check radiation?

Answer 22

If molecules in living cells are damaged,the cells may die,turn cancerous or stop working permanently.
•they give info to help limit exposure

Question 23

x ray - diagnosing medical disorders

Answer 23

pass easily through flesh but not denser (bone)

detected using photographic film

Question 24

construction of a film badge

Answer 24

paper. lead

plastic cover. aluminium.

Question 25

what is a tracer

Answer 25

specially formulated substances which collect in a specific part of the body

Question 26

tracers- what do the substances emit

Answer 26

gamma ray signals which are detected using gamma camera

Question 27

a&i’d ioninising

Answer 27

kill cancerous cells

kill healthy cells