3.5 Lipids

Question 1

What are lipids also known as?

Answer 1

Fats and oils

Question 2

What are lipids?

Answer 2

Molecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

Are lipids polar?

Answer 3

No, they are non-polar because as the electrons in the outer orbitals that form the bonds are more evenly distributed than in polar molecules, therefore lipids are not soluble in water

Question 4

What is large complex molecule are lipids made from?

Answer 4

Macromolecules

Question 5

How are triglycerides structured?

Answer 5

By combining one glycerol molecule with three fatty acids

Question 6

What group does glycerol belong to?

Answer 6

Alcohol

Question 7

WHat group does fatty acids belong to?

Answer 7

Carboxylic acids, consist of a carboxyl group (-COOH) with a hydrocarbon attached to it.

Question 8

What are ester bonds?

Answer 8

Hydroxyl groups interact, leading to the formation of three water molecules and bonds between the fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

What is esterification an example of?

Answer 9

A condensation reaction

Question 10

What are saturated fatty acid chains?

Answer 10

Have no double bonds present between the carbon atoms, because all the carbon atoms form the maximum number of bonds with hydrogen atoms

Question 11

What are unsaturated fatty acid chains?

Answer 11

HAve double bonds between some of the carbon atoms, double bonds causes the molecules to bend or kink, so they cannot pack closely together.

Question 12

What are phospholipids?

Answer 12

Modified triglycerides, contain phosphorus along with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 13

Describe structure of phospholipids

Answer 13

they have a non-polar end or tail and a charged head. (non-polar end is hydrophobic and hydrophillic heads).