2.1 Cell Structure Definitions

Question 1

Centrioles

Answer 1

structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 2

Chloroplasts

Answer 2

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis

Question 3

Cillia

Answer 3

Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells

Question 4

Confocal microscopy

Answer 4

A type of microscope that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image

Question 5

Cytoskeleton

Answer 5

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport

Question 6

Differential staining

Answer 6

Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of a specimen

Question 7

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 7

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

A whip-like structure on bacterial cells that is used for cell movementG

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins

Question 10

Light microscope`

Answer 10

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a speccimen

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme (digestive system of the cell)

Question 12

Magnification

Answer 12

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object calculated using the formula (image size=actual size x magnification)

Question 12

Nuclear envelope

Answer 12

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes.

Question 12

Mitochondrion

Answer 12

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope

Question 13

Plasma membrane

Answer 13

A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organelles

Question 14

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 14

A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus

Question 15

Resolution

Answer 15

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen

Question 16

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 16

A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins

Question 17

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Answer 17

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.

Question 18

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 18

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis

Question 19

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Answer 19

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image