2.1 Cell Structure Definitions Flashcards
Centrioles
structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis
Chloroplasts
Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis
Cillia
Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells
Confocal microscopy
A type of microscope that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image
Cytoskeleton
A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport
Differential staining
Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of a specimen
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles
Flagella
A whip-like structure on bacterial cells that is used for cell movementG
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
Light microscope`
A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a speccimen
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme (digestive system of the cell)
Magnification
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object calculated using the formula (image size=actual size x magnification)
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Nucleolus
A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes.
Mitochondrion
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration
Nucleus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope
Plasma membrane
A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organelles
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus
Resolution
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image
