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Biology > 3.1 Biological elements > Flashcards

3.1 Biological elements Flashcards

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1
Q

What are elements?

A

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

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2
Q

What are the 4 elements that primarily make up all living things?

A

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N)

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3
Q

What are the additional 2 elements that are important in biochemistry?

A

Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S)

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4
Q

How do atoms connect together?

A

By forming bonds

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5
Q

What do you call when two or more atoms bond together?

A

A molecule

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6
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Two atoms share a pair of electrons.

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7
Q

How many bonds can Carbon form with other atoms?

A

They can form 4 bonds

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8
Q

How many bonds can Nitrogen form with other atoms?

A

They can form 3 bonds

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9
Q

How many bonds can Oxygen form with other atoms?

A

They can form 2 bonds

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10
Q

How many bonds can Hydrogen form with other atoms?

A

They can form 1 bond

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11
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or molecule where the amount of electrons is not the same as the amount of protons.

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12
Q

What happens to electrons in ionic bonds?

A

One atom in the pair donates an electron and the other receives it, forms positive and negative ions that are held together by the attraction of opposite charges.

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13
Q

What are ions in a solution called?

A

Electrolytes.

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14
Q

What are calcium ions necessary for?

A

(Ca2+) nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction

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15
Q

What are sodium ions necessary for? (Na+)

A

nerve impulse transmission and kidney function

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16
Q

What are potassium ions necessary for? (K+)

A

Nerve impulse transmission and stomatal opening

17
Q

What are hydrogen ions necessary for? (H+)

A

Catalysis of reactions and pH determination

18
Q

What are ammonium ions necessary for? (NH4 +)

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

19
Q

What are nitrate ions necessary for? (NO3 -)

A

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

20
Q

What are hydrogen carbonate ions necessary for? (HCO3 -)

A

Maintenance of blood pH

21
Q

What are chloride ions necessary for? (Cl-)

A

Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

22
Q

What are phosphate ions necessary for? (PO4 3-)

A

Cell membrane formation
Nucleic acid and ATP formation
Bone formation

23
Q

What are hydroxide ions necessary for? (OH-)

A

Catalysis of reactions
pH determination

24
Q

What are the main biological molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

25
Q

What are polymers?

A

Long-chain molecules made up by linking of multiple individual molecules (monomers) in a repeating pattern

26
Q
A

Biology (28 decks)

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