3.5 historic causes of diffusion Flashcards
Pidgin Language:
Pidgin Language: An extremely simplified, limited non-native language used by two people that speak two different languages.
Papua New Guinea: mixture of English & Papuan languages. Result of British colonization of the territory.
An example of early Hawai’i Pidgin English (HPE) spoken in Honolulu since the late 19th century: “What for Miss Willis laugh all time? Before Fraulein cry all time.”
“Why does Miss Willis often laugh? Fraulein used to always cry.”
Creole Language:
Creole Language: A pidgin language that develops into a new combined language with native speakers. Frequently developed through settings of colonization or slavery.
Cajun/Louisiana Creole: Spoken in Louisiana, traits of English and French
Haitian: Spoken in Haiti, traits of indigenous West African and French
Lingua Franca
Lingua Franca is a common language used by speakers of two different languages for communication. Usually for business, trade, commerce or in popular culture.
World Lingua Franca: English
Regionally:
Mandarin in China,
Swahili in Africa,
Arabic in Southwest Asia,
Russian in Eastern Europe & Russia
Dialects .
Dialects are variations in accent, grammar, usage and spelling and develop out of geographic distance or isolation.
Dialects - different WORDS
Accents - different pronunciations
Example in the US: you all, y’all, you guys, youse guys, you’uns.
English has numerous dialects because of the large number of primarily English speaking countries distributed around the world due to the history of British colonialism.
Official Language
Official Language is used by the government of a country for laws, reports, signs, public objects, money, stamps.
Can be centripetal or centrifugal:
Positives: creates unity in diverse states, efficient, aids in communication, cheaper costs (only print in 1 language)
Negatives: Language of powerful majority and/or former colonial power, marginalizes/isolates or endangers other languages and cultures.
