3.4.6 biodiversity

Question 1

definition of biodiversity

Answer 1

The range and variety of genes , species and habitat in a particular region

Question 2

2 category of measuring biodiversity

Answer 2

richness
the number of different species in a community ( particular area) to a given time

evenness
the number of individuals of each species in a particular area at a given time

Question 3

reason / threat of biodiversity reduced

Answer 3

natural disaster
human activity
natural selection

climate change
- methane (farming livestock) / co2 (burning)/ nitrous oxide (fertilizer contain nitrogen)

deforestation
- tree absorb co2, increase co2
- lose of habitat/ food source

overexploitation
- extinction
- affect food chain (predator / prey)

invasive species (non- native)
- competition / predator/ disease

Pollution
- burning of fossil fuel - air pollution/ acid rain – acidic water and soil - kill species
- dumping plastic into ocean - kil species

Question 4

what calculation is index of diversity

Answer 4

use the describe the relationship between the number of species in a community and the number of the individual in each species

Question 5

why non coding sequence of DNA is best for comparison

Answer 5

mutation remain and do not affect the survival
most of extron genes have mutation lead to death

Question 6

problem and solution to farming affect biodiversity

Answer 6

creating monoculture (replace natural meadow with cereal crops)
- polu culture / intercropping : grow more than one crop in close proximity
- nitrogen fixing plants

overcultivation
- crop rotation (left fallow/ grow NFP) - allow nitrogen back to soil

over grazing of land (one species of animal like sheep)
- rotation and left fellow because different animal eat different things

removal of hedgrows and grabbing out woodland replace with fences
- maintain hedgrows in A-shape not rectangle

Eutrophication (increased of fertilizer use cause algae growth block sunlight - algae die decomposer use O2, fish die, plant cant photosynthesis —> anoxic water with no oxygen)
- limited the sue of fertilizer / use organic fertilizer/ use away from water body

filling ponds/ draining marsh/ wetland (destroy biodiverse area/ habitat)
- maintain and create new ones

use of pesticides / inorganic fertilizer (pollution/ kill pollinator / harm human)
- use biological control (natural predator) to control weed

Question 7

other solution to farming reduce biodiversity

Answer 7

• plants tree on land with low species diversity rather than in a species rich area
  create natural meadow and use hay rather than grasses for silage
• introducing conservation headlands
• pesticide spray only in selective manner
• leave wet corner of field rather than draining them
• leave the cutting of verges and field edges until flowering and seed have dispersed

Question 8

In recent year, I’ll knowledge of prokaryotic bod diversity in the soil has increased suggest why?

Answer 8

Comparison of DNA code and sequence
Can analyse more prokaryotic species in the community
Rather than just recording measurable or observable characteristic

Question 9

Suggest how the species richness of an organism related to the variation of plants (exam Q)

Answer 9

There is more different species of plants
More variety of food and nectar for the bees
More habitat , so better protection from predators

sometimes be specific e.g. insect diversity

Question 10

why scientist used biomass instead of the number of individual of each plant species when collecting data to measure diversity.

Answer 10

Individual organisms could not be identified/separated
Too small/numerous to count individuals
Too time consuming;

Question 11

how to obtain data to give a more precise value for the index of diversity of a habitat.

Answer 11

1. Take more samples and find mean;
2. Method for randomised samples described.

Question 12

Suggest how science decided where to take their samples on an island, land.

Answer 12

1. Draw grid over (map of) area;
2. Select squares / coordinates at random.