3.4.5 Species and taxonomy

Question 1

species definition

Answer 1

organism with same/ common characteristic that could interbreed to produce fertile offspring

1. Group of similar organisms / organisms with similar features / organisms with
   same genes / chromosomes
2. reproduce / produce offspring
3. that are fertile

Question 2

classification definition

Answer 2

grouping of living organism into groups by characteristic

Question 3

hybrid definition

Answer 3

two organism closely related interbreed to create non fertile off spring thats unable to make gametes

Question 4

taxonomy definition

Answer 4

the theory and practise of biologically classifying and studying these groups and their hierarchical order

Question 5

The importance of courtship behaviour (exam Q)

Answer 5

1. Recognise / identify / attract same species (ensure mating between same species)
2. Stimulates / synchronises mating / production / release of gametes; (age where have max probability of sperm meet an egg)
3. Recognition / attraction of mate / opposite sex;
4. Indication of (sexual) maturity / fertility / receptivity / readiness to mate;
5. Formation of a pair bond / bond between two organisms (to have / raise
   young). (long lasting relationship)

Question 6

the name of group in phylogenetic classification

Answer 6

taxon/ taxa (plural)

Question 7

definition of phylogenetic classification (exam Q)

Answer 7

system that arrange species into groups based on their evolutionary links / history / relationships /common ancestry; , use of hierarchy

Question 8

hierarchy definition (exam Q)

Answer 8

smaller groups within group
without overlapping

Question 9

order of taxa

Answer 9

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 10

the universal identification - binomial

Answer 10

genus (capital), species (GS)

Question 11

difference between 3 domain

Answer 11

Bacteria
no membrane bounded organelles
unicellular
70s ribosome
cell wall (murein)
single loop of DNA (no histone)

Archaea
no membrane bounded organelles
gene and protein synthesis similar to eukaryotes
membrane (fatty acid chain attached to glycerol by ester linkage)
70s ribosome
cell wall (no murein)
complex RNA polymerase

Eukarya
membrane bounded organelles
membrane (fatty acid chain attached to glycerol by ester linkage)
some have cell wall (not meurin)
80s ribosome

Question 12

definition of hierarchical classification

Answer 12

living world organize into series of ranked group

Question 13

brief description of two type of classification

Answer 13

analogous characteristic (same function but different evolutionary origin)
homologous characteristic (similar origin regardless of function)

Question 14

what method to determine phylogenetic relationship between species

Answer 14

structural similarity
DNA
fossil record

Question 15

How do you know that there is a significant difference or not?

Answer 15

Overlap

Question 16

Farmer are now being encouraged to reply and hedges on the land
Suggest explain one advantage and one disadvantage of a farmer to re-planting hedges on her farmland

Answer 16

Greater biodiversity so increased in predators of pests
Increase in predator of past so more yield/income/less pesticide/less damage to plants
Increased in pollinators, so more yield /income
May attract more tourists /subsides to the farm so more income

Reduce land area for crop growth /income
Greater biodiversity, so increased pests population
Increase pest population, so less yield/ less income/need for pesticides/damage to crops
Increased interspecific competition so less yield/ income
More difficult to farm so less income

Question 17

Describe how you would collect a random sample of a population

Answer 17

Generation of random coordinate
Use of 10 or more quadrants
Collection of the population in quadrant if possible, if not then count

Question 18

DeForest was cleared to make more land available for agriculture
Why After the forest was cleared the species diversity of insect in the area decreased

Answer 18

Decrease in variety of plants/ fewer plant species
Fewer habitat
Decrease in variety of food / fewer food, source

Question 19

why hybrid animal are usually infertile.

Answer 19

odd number of chromosome
Chromosomes cannot pair / are not homologous / chromosome
number cannot be halved / meiosis cannot occur / sex cells /
haploid cells are not produced;