3.4.3 Genetic Diversity + Mutations Flashcards
What are mutations
Changes to the base sequence of DNA
What do gene mutations involve
A change in the dna base sequence of chromosomes
2 types of mutation errors
Substitution
Deletion
What’s the substitution mutation error
1 base is substituted with another
What’s the deletion mutation error
1 base is deleted
3 other types of mutation errors
Insertion
Duplication
Addition
What determines the order of amino acids in a protein
The order of dna bases in a gene
What can be altered if a mutation occurs in a gene
The amino acids sequence it codes for
What do not all mutations effect
Order of amino acids
Why can some amino acids be coded for by more than 1 DNA triplet
Due to the genetic code being degenerate
What will not all substitutions do due to the genetic code being degenerate
Won’t all cause a change to the amino acid sequence
What mutation will always lead to changes in the amino acid sequence
Deletions
What does the deletion of bases cause
Causes a shift in all the base triplets after the deleted bases
What increase the rate of mutation
E.g
Mutagenic agents
E.g ultraviolet radiation, ionising radiation, some chemicals + some viruses
