3.4: Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)

Question 1

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks)

Answer 1

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure

Question 2

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
What were studied?

Answer 2

Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied

Question 3

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
How many babies were studied?

Answer 3

Approximately 2,000 babies were studied

Question 4

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all how old?

Answer 4

Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old

Question 5

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised how?

Answer 5

Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types

Question 6

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
What did they find?

Answer 6

They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied

Question 7

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
Where was the lowest percent of secure attachment shown?

Answer 7

The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China

Question 8

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest where?

Answer 8

The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain

Question 9

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Where was avoidant attachment more common?

Answer 9

Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany

Question 10

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare where?

Answer 10

Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan

Question 11

Describe research by Van Ijzendoorn on cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg completed a meta-analysis of 32 studies from 8 countries that used Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure.
Attachment types both between and within cultures were studied.
Approximately 2,000 babies were studied, all below 2 years old, as approximately 2,000 mother-infant relationships that were categorised in terms of type A, type B and type C attachment types.
They found that secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
What?

Answer 11

Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures