3.4: Cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks)

Answer 1

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied

Question 2

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
Where was the lowest percent of secure attachment shown?

Answer 2

The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China

Question 3

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest where?

Answer 3

The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain

Question 4

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
What was more common in West Germany?

Answer 4

Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany

Question 5

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare where?

Answer 5

Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan

Question 6

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
What?

Answer 6

Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures

Question 7

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

What did Takahashi (1990) find?

Answer 7

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants

Question 8

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely do what?

Answer 8

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely leave infants in early childhood

Question 9

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely leave infants in early childhood.

What did Grossman and Grossman (1991) find?

Answer 9

Grossman and Grossman (1991) found that German infants tended to be classified as insecurely, rather than securely, attached

Question 10

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely leave infants in early childhood.

Grossman and Grossman (1991) found that German infants tended to be classified as insecurely, rather than securely, attached.

What did Tronick et al. (1992) do?

Answer 10

Tronick et al. (1992) studied the Efe tribe

Question 11

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely leave infants in early childhood.

Grossman and Grossman (1991) found that German infants tended to be classified as insecurely, rather than securely, attached.

Tronick et al. (1992) studied the Efe tribe, who live how?

Answer 11

Tronick et al. (1992) studied the Efe tribe, who live in extended family groups

Question 12

Describe what research has found about cultural variations in attachment (6 marks).
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s (1988) meta-analysis found secure attachment was the most common in all cultures studied.
The lowest percent of secure attachment was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain.
Avoidant attachment was more common in West Germany, but rare in Israel and Japan.
Variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than the variation between cultures.

Takahashi (1990) found high levels of resistant attachment in Japanese infants, where mothers rarely leave infants in early childhood.

Grossman and Grossman (1991) found that German infants tended to be classified as insecurely, rather than securely, attached.

Tronick et al. (1992) studied the Efe tribe, who live in extended family groups, and found what?

Answer 12

Tronick et al. (1992) studied the Efe tribe, who live in extended family groups, and found that even though infants were looked after by several different women, they showed one primary attachment