3.4 Opposition, resistance and conformity Flashcards
Define opposition
as any acts which openly defied the regime
Define Resistance.
active attempts to overthrow Hitler and the Nazis.
What was the extent of the support for the Nazi regime?
-Incredibly popular when they came to power and many Germans welcomed the stability and economic growth an
authoritarian regime brought – missing with the Weimar democracy.
-The Nazi regime restored Germany’s international prestige through rearmament and the dismantling of the Treaty of Versailles
-The sheer scale of propaganda- especially that directed towards German children - meant that many more Germans became active Nazi Party members and were convinced of Hitler’s greatness.
Protestant oppostion
Martin Niemöller
-formed the Confessional Church in opposition to Hitler’s Reich Church.
-Niemöller was held in a concentration camp during the period 1937-1945
-Objected to Nazi interferance in church
-Proteste in 1937 seromn against persection of church members
-Wrote and furst they came poem
Opposition from the Churches
Dietrich Bonhöffer
-member of the Confessional Church ( pastor)
-Helped jews escape
-linked to the 1944 bomb plot and was executed weeks before fall of Naz’s
Opposition from the Churches
What was the protestant equivlant of the concordat?
1937
Hitler restored the Protestant church’s independence in return for a guarantee that it would not interfere in politics
Opposition from the Churches
When did the Pope critise Hitler what did he say?
1937
the Pope’s message ‘With Burning Concern’ attacked Hitler as ‘a mad prophet with repulsive arrogance’ and was read in every Catholic Church.
Who lead a campaing about the disabled what was it specifically about?
-Catholic Archbishop of Munster, von Galen
-Used sermons to protest euthania + racial policy
How amsny clergy were sent to conc camps by 1945
800
How may cath priests were imprisoned in conc camps?
400
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates
-Rhineland
- Distributed anti Nazi leaflests = cauesed stae to worry
- Helped: deserters, forces labours and conc camp escapers
How may Edelweiss Pirates were hung and arrested?
700 arrested in 1942
12 hung in 1944
What was the White Rose group?
-Munich University in 1943.
-They published anti-Nazi leaflets and marched through the city in protest at Nazi policies.
-Its leaders, brother and sister Hans and Sophie Scholl, were arrested to and sentenced to the guillotine.
Who were the swing and Jazz youth?
-Formed during the war
-rejected Nazi values, drank alcohol and danced to jazz.
-The Nazis rejected jazz music as degenerate and called it Negro music, using their racial ideas against this cultural development.
-These youths were montered by the Gestapo, who regularly** raided illegal jazz clubs**
What was the most widespeard and persistant opposition?
-Ordinary German workers, often helped by communists, who posted anti-Nazi posters and graffiti, or organised strikes.
-In Dortmund the vast majority of men imprisoned in the city’s jail were industrial workers who went on strike over high food prices in 1935 and during the Berlin Olympics in 1936.
