3.4 Lymphocytes Flashcards
Which blood cells are involved in innate immunity
Macrophages (eat)
Neutrophils (kill)
Which blood cells are involved in adaptive immunity
T cells (orchestrate immune response and kills infected cells)
B cells (make antibodies)
Limitation of immunity
Autoimmunity
Absence of immunity results in
Inability to clear infections (SCID babies)
Immunological memory
Following recognition and response to an antigen it exhibit is memory
More rapid and heightened immune response upon reexposure to eliminate pathogens fast and prevent disease
T cells roles
Produce cytokines to help shape immune response (cd4)
Kill infected cells (cd8)
Cell mediated response
T cells
Humoral response
B cells
B cells role
Produce antibodies
How do t and b cells recognise pathogens
TCR and bcr
How does the adaptive immune system see pathogens
Antigens on their surface
Antigens
Molecules thwt induce an adaptive immune response
Epitope
Region of an antigen which the receptor binds to
What do antibodies recognise
Structural Epitopes
What do T cells recognise
Linear epitopes
Clinal expansion
Interaction between a foreign molecule and a receptor causes activation and clonal expansion of the same cell
Problem of antigen diversity
Need a very large pool of cells with specific receptors to recognise all antigens - epertoire
How is antigen receptor diversity generated
Recombination - immunoglobulin gene rearrangement
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement
Each receptor is encoded by seepage multi gene families on different chromosome
During maturation these gene segments are rearranged and brought together
MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
Major histocompatibility complex
Has a central role in defining self and non self
Presents antigens to T cells
MHC1
All uncleared cells
Single variable alpha chain and a common beta macroglobulin
Cd8