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C3- BONDING > 3.4- ELECTRONEGATIVITY- BOND POLARITY IN COVALENT BONDS > Flashcards

3.4- ELECTRONEGATIVITY- BOND POLARITY IN COVALENT BONDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the forces that hold atoms together all about?

A

attraction of positive charges to negative charges

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2
Q

What happens in ionic bonding? (transfer)

A

complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

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3
Q

Are the electrons always evenly spread out in a covalent bond?

A

no

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4
Q

When are the electrons not evenly spread out in a covalent bond?

A

when one of the atoms is better at attracting electrons than the other one

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5
Q

What is the atom that is better at attracting the electrons than the other atom in a covalent bond said to be?

A

more electronegative

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6
Q

What is the definition of electronegativity?

A

power of an atom to attract the electron density in a covalent bond towards itself

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7
Q

What is the term electron density often used to describe?

A

way the negative charge is distributed in a molecule

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8
Q

What is used as a measure of electronegativity?

A

Pauling scale

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9
Q

What does the Pauling scale run from?

A

0 to 4

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10
Q

What does a greater number on the Pauling scale mean?

A

more electronegative the atom

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11
Q

What number does the noble gases have on the Pauling scale?

A

no number

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12
Q

Why do the noble gases not have a number on the Pauling scale?

A

generally they do not form covalent bonds

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13
Q

What does electronegativity depend on? (3)

A

nuclear charge

distance between nucleus and outer shell electrons

shielding of nuclear charge by electrons in inner shells

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14
Q

What happens to electronegativity as the size of the atom decreases?

A

smaller the atom, greater the electronegativity

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15
Q

Why does electronegativity increase as the size of the atom is smaller?

A

closer the nucleus is to the shared outer main level electrons

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16
Q

What happens to electronegativity the larger the nuclear charge?

A

greater the electronegativity

17
Q

How does electronegativity change going up a group?

A

increases

18
Q

Why does electronegativity increase going up a group?

A

less shielding by electrons in inner shells

19
Q

How does electronegativity change going across a period?

A

increases

20
Q

Why does electronegativity increase going across a group? (3)

A

nuclear charge increases

number of inner main levels remain the same

atoms become smaller

21
Q

Where are the more electronegative atoms found on the periodic table?

A

top right-hand corner (ignoring noble gases)

22
Q

What are the most electronegative atoms? (4)

A

fluorine

oxygen

nitrogen

chlorine

23
Q

What is polarity about?

A

unequal sharing of electrons between atoms bonded together covalently

24
Q

What is polarity the property of?

A

property of the bond

25
Q

How must the electrons in a bond between atoms that are the same be shared?

A

must be shared equally between the atoms

26
Q

Why must the electron be shared equally in a bond between atoms that are the same?

A

both atoms have exactly the same electronegativity

27
Q

What is the polarity of the bond between two of the same atoms like?

A

non-polar

28
Q

How will the electrons be shared in a covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativity?

A

electrons would not be shared equally between the atoms

29
Q

How is the electron cloud described to be when the atoms have different electronegativities in the bond?

A

distorted

30
Q

What relative charge would the atom with a higher electronegativity have?

A

relatively negative

31
Q

What relative charge would the atom with a lower electronegativity have?

A

relatively positive

32
Q

What is the polarity of the bond between atoms who have different electronegativities?

A

polar

33
Q

What is the polarity of the bond like the greater the difference in electronegativity?

A

the more polar the covalent bond

34
Q

How can you say a covalent bond has some ionic characters?

A

it may be going some way towards the separation of the atoms into charged ions

35
Q

Is it possible to have ionic bonds with covalent characters?

A

yes

C3- BONDING (7 decks)

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