3.1- THE NATURE OF IONIC BONDING Flashcards
What do bonds between atoms always involve?
their outer electrons
Something about outer main levels of noble gases that give them a property?
have full outer main levels of electrons + are very unreactive
What happens when atoms bond together?
share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases
What are the three types of strong chemical bonds?
ionic, covalent and metallic
How many electrons are there in the outer main levels in metals?
metals have one. two or three electrons in their outer main levels
What is the easiest way for metals to attain the electron structure of a noble gas?
to lose their outer electrons
As non-metals have space in their outer main levels, what does this mean? (ionic bonding)
easiest way for them to attain the electron structure of a noble gas is to gain electrons
Where does ionic bonding occur?
between metals and non-metals
From where are the electrons transferred to in ionic bonding?
transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
What is formed after the transfer of electrons?
positive and negative ions are formed
How are the oppositely charged ions attracted to each other?
by electrostatic forces
Therefore what is ionic bonding the result of?
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
From where does the electrostatic attraction extend from? (ionic bonding)
extends throughout the compound
every positive ion attracts every negative ion + vice versa
In what structure do ionic compounds exist in?
lattice
In what state are ionic compounds at room temperature?
always solid
As ionic compounds have giant structures what does this mean?
high melting temperatures
Why do ionic compounds have high melting temperatures? (hint: melting)
in order to melt an ionic compound, energy must be applied to break up the lattice of ions
When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
when molten or dissolved in water (aqueous)
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water?
ions that carry current free to move in liquid state but are not free in solid state
How easily do ionic compounds break?
brittle and shatter easily when given a sharp blow
Why are ionic compounds brittle and shatter easily?
they form a lattice of alternating positive and negative ions
What may a blow to the ionic compound do?
may move the ions and produce contact between ions with like charges
