3.4 Catalysts and enzymes Flashcards
What is a catalyst
It speeds up a chemical reaction, you can use it over and over again
What do enzymes control
The rate of chemical reactions
What do enzymes react with
reactant
What are enzymes
Large protein molecules that acts as biological catalyst
How do enzymes work
substrate of the reaction to be catalysed fits into the active site of the enzyme.
Once in place the enzyme and substrate bind together.
Reaction takes place rapidly and the products are released from the surface of the enzyme .
Enzyme then ready to catalyse another reaction.
What do enzymes do with molecules
Join small molecules together and break up large ones.
What is the active site of an enzyme
area in structure of enzyme with unique shape that binds to specific substrate
give three examples of the type of reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes
building large molecules from smaller ones
changing one molecule into another
breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
What do enzymes control
metabolism
What is metabolism
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body
Explain how enzymes are important in the metabolism of a cell or organism
Chemical reactions needed for life could not take place fast enough without enzymes to speed them up.
Each reaction controlled by specific enzyme
so that many metabolic reactions can take place in same small space without interfering with one another.
Enzymes enable cells to perform basic reactions and specific reactions to carry out particular functions
simultaneously.
name three enzymes produced in the pancreas
amylase, protease, lipase
What is the active site
where the reaction occurs
Where are amylase produced
salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
Where are proteases produced
stomach, pancreas, small intestine
Where are lipases produced
pancreas, small intestine
Function of amylase
break down starch into simple sugars
Function of proteases
break down proteins into amino acids
Function of lipases
break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Explain in detail how enzymes act to speed up reactions in your body
Substrate of reaction to be catalysed fits into active site of enzyme like
a lock and key.
Once in place, enzyme and substrate bind together.
Reaction takes place rapidly
and products are released from active site.
Enzyme then ready to catalyse another reaction.
