3.4 Catalysts and enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a catalyst

A

It speeds up a chemical reaction, you can use it over and over again

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2
Q

What do enzymes control

A

The rate of chemical reactions

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3
Q

What do enzymes react with

A

reactant

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4
Q

What are enzymes

A

Large protein molecules that acts as biological catalyst

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5
Q

How do enzymes work

A

substrate of the reaction to be catalysed fits into the active site of the enzyme.
Once in place the enzyme and substrate bind together.
Reaction takes place rapidly and the products are released from the surface of the enzyme .
Enzyme then ready to catalyse another reaction.

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6
Q

What do enzymes do with molecules

A

Join small molecules together and break up large ones.

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7
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme

A

area in structure of enzyme with unique shape that binds to specific substrate

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8
Q

give three examples of the type of reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes

A

building large molecules from smaller ones
changing one molecule into another
breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones

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9
Q

What do enzymes control

A

metabolism

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10
Q

What is metabolism

A

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

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11
Q

Explain how enzymes are important in the metabolism of a cell or organism

A

Chemical reactions needed for life could not take place fast enough without enzymes to speed them up.
Each reaction controlled by specific enzyme
so that many metabolic reactions can take place in same small space without interfering with one another.
Enzymes enable cells to perform basic reactions and specific reactions to carry out particular functions
simultaneously.

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12
Q

name three enzymes produced in the pancreas

A

amylase, protease, lipase

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13
Q

What is the active site

A

where the reaction occurs

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14
Q

Where are amylase produced

A

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

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15
Q

Where are proteases produced

A

stomach, pancreas, small intestine

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16
Q

Where are lipases produced

A

pancreas, small intestine

17
Q

Function of amylase

A

break down starch into simple sugars

18
Q

Function of proteases

A

break down proteins into amino acids

19
Q

Function of lipases

A

break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

20
Q

Explain in detail how enzymes act to speed up reactions in your body

A

Substrate of reaction to be catalysed fits into active site of enzyme like
a lock and key.
Once in place, enzyme and substrate bind together.
Reaction takes place rapidly
and products are released from active site.
Enzyme then ready to catalyse another reaction.