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Chemistry IGCSE > 3.4 Atmosphere and Acids > Flashcards

3.4 Atmosphere and Acids Flashcards

1
Q

pH = 7

A

neutral

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2
Q

pH = 1-6

A

acidic

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3
Q

pH = 8-14

A

alkali/base

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4
Q

methyl orange ind. acid

A

red

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5
Q

methyl orange ind. neutral

A

yellow

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6
Q

methyl orange ind. alkali/base

A

yellow

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7
Q

phenolphthalein ind. acid

A

colourless

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8
Q

phenolphthalein ind. neutral

A

colourless

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9
Q

phenolphthalein ind. alkali/base

A

pink

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10
Q

red litmus ind. acid

A

red

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11
Q

red litmus ind. neutral

A

red

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12
Q

red litmus ind. alkali/base

A

blue

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13
Q

blue litmus ind. acid

A

red

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14
Q

blue litmus ind. neutral

A

blue

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15
Q

blue litmus ind. alkali/base

A

blue

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16
Q

colour pH 0-2

A

red

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17
Q

colour pH 3-4

A

orange

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18
Q

colour pH 5-6

A

yellow

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19
Q

colour pH 7

A

green

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20
Q

colour pH 8-10

A

light blue

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21
Q

colour pH 11-13

A

darl blue

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22
Q

colour pH 14

A

purple

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23
Q

N2 in air

A

78%

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24
Q

O2 in air

A

21%

25
Q

Ar in air

A

0.96

26
Q

CO2 in air

A

0.04

27
Q

how measure percentage of O2 (4 points)

A

1) react it with another element
2) air gradually decreases till metal oxidised
3) change volume = initial - final vol.
4) % O2 = change volume/initial vol.

28
Q

metal combustion gen. eq.

A

metal + O2 –> metal oxide

29
Q

non-metal combustion gen. eq.

A

non-metal + O2 –> non-metal dioxide

30
Q

state of metal oxide

A

solid

31
Q

state of metal dioxide

A

gas

32
Q

obs. magnesium (Mg) combustion (3 points)

A

1) bright white light
2) white powder formed
3) magnesium oxide

33
Q

obs. sulphur (S) combustion (2 points)

A

1) blue flame
2) sulfur dioxide

34
Q

obs. hydrogen (H) combustion (2 points)

A

1) squeaky pop
2) water made

35
Q

silver ion

A

Ag+

36
Q

zinc ion

A

Zn 2+

37
Q

copper ion

A

Cu 2+

38
Q

lead ion

A

Pb 2+

39
Q

test for O2

A

glowing splint relights

40
Q

dissolving metal oxides in water makes…

A

alkaline solution

41
Q

dissolving non-metal dioxides in water makes…

A

acidic solution

42
Q

how to determine if unknown element metal or non-metal (3 points)

A

1) Combust in O2
2) Dissolve O2 formed
3) Check pH of solution with an indicator

43
Q

acid def.

A

H+ donor

44
Q

base def.

A

H+ acceptor

45
Q

alkali def.

A

OH- donor

46
Q

hydrochloric acid =

A

HCl

47
Q

nitric acid =

A

HNO3

48
Q

sulphuric acid =

A

H2SO4

49
Q

phosphoric acid =

A

H3PO4

50
Q

ammonium hydroxide =

A

NH4OH

51
Q

ammonia =

A

NH3

52
Q

eg. of alkali

A

all soluble metal hydroxides

53
Q

e.g of bases (2 points)

A

1) all metal oxides
2) all metal hydroxides

54
Q

acid + base –>

A

salt + water

55
Q

obs. of acid + base reaction

A

base disappears as used up in the reaction

56
Q

how to make salt crystals via acid + base reaction (5 points)

A

1) Add excess base to hot acid
2) Filter out excess base
3) Salt solution = filtrate (collected in evaporating basin)
4) Heat salt solution until crystals form at edges
5) Leave salt solution to crystallise

57
Q

acid + carbonate –>

A

salt + water + CO2

58
Q

obs. of acid + carbonate (2 Points)

A

1) Carbonate Disappears as it used up
2) Fizzing as CO2 produced

59
Q

test for CO2

A

bubble through limewater turns cloudy

Chemistry IGCSE (8 decks)

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