3.4 Flashcards
Confirmation bias
a tendency for a person to search for information that confirms their ideas.
( Identifies things that support some position or opinion they have but ignore information that contradicts it.)
Mental set
a tendency to approach situations the same way because that way worked in the past.
Functional fixedness
problem-solving barrier that involves thinking about objects only in terms of their typical uses.
This type of thinking is narrow and limited, often inhibiting the problem solving process.
Representative heuristic
a mental shortcut that categorizes objects and simply assumes that any object (or person) that shares characteristics with the remember of a particular category is also a member of that category.
Availability heuristic
refers to how easily something that you’ve seen or heard can be accessed in your memory.
Overconfidence
The tendency to be very sure of a fact and later finding that the objective reality was different
Belief perseverance
Belief perseverance is this tendency to reject convincing proof and become even more tenaciously held when the belief has been publicly announced to others.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe, once the outcome is already known of course, that you knew it all along.
Framing
how problem or question is worded; affects response/solution
Self-serving bias
people’s tendency to attribute positive outcomes to personal factors, but attribute negative outcomes to external factors.
Ex: if I met my sales target, it’s because I’m a great salesperson. But if I did not meet my sales target, it’s because the economy is bad.
Fundamental attribution error
the tendency for an observer, when interpreting and explaining the behavior of another person (the actor), to underestimate the situation and to overestimate the personal disposition.
