3.1 HW

Question 1

Information processing model

Answer 1

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval (information is processed like a computer)

Question 2

Shriffrin’s model

Answer 2

The model that suggests memory is organized into 3 stages: Sensory Memory, Short-term/Working Memory, & Long-term Memory.

Question 3

Parallel processing

Answer 3

The ability of the brain to do many things at once

Question 4

Automatic processing

Answer 4

The ability your brain has to unconsciously process things without you having to think about it.

Question 5

Spacing effect

Answer 5

The idea that we learn material more effectively and easily when we study it several times spaced out over a longer time span, rather than trying to learn it in a short period of time.

Question 6

Serial position effect

Answer 6

The tendency of information at the beginning and end of a body of information to be remembered more than the information in the middle of the body of information.

Question 7

Visual encoding

Answer 7

The process by which we remember visual images

Question 8

Acoustic encoding

Answer 8

The process of remembering and comprehending something that you hear. (Ex: Making songs out of vocab words)

Question 9

Semantic encoding

Answer 9

A specautific type of encoding in which the meaning of something (a word, phrase, picture, event,) is encoded as opposed to the sound or vision of it.

Question 10

Mnemonic

Answer 10

Memory aids; any technique you use to help you remember something

Question 11

Iconic memory

Answer 11

Visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second.

Question 12

Echoic memory

Answer 12

Auditory sensory memory, lasting only 2-4 seconds.

Question 13

Long-term potentiation

Answer 13

The ability of brain cells to retain how frequently they send signals to other brain cells.

Question 14

Flashbulb memory

Answer 14

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

Question 15

Amnesia

Answer 15

The inability to recall past events.

Question 16

Implicit memory (non-declarative)

Answer 16

Type of long-term memory that includes skills, habits, procedures, and conditioned responses; not conscious but implied to exist because they affect conscious behavior

Question 17

Explicit memory (declarative)

Answer 17

Type of long-term memory containing facts and information that is conscious and known.

Question 18

Hippocampus

Answer 18

Curved structure located within each temporal lobe, responsible for the formation of long-term declarative memories (explicit memories)

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

Part of the lower brain located behind the pons that controls & coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement.

Question 20

Recall v. recognition

Answer 20

Recall - the memory or perception placed in long-term storage, requiring a higher depth of processing
Recognition - memories and perceptions that do not require depth of processing.

Question 21

Priming

Answer 21

An increased sensitivity to particular stimuli as a result of previous experience.

Question 22

State-dependent memory

Answer 22

The phenomenon through which memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed.

Question 23

Mood-congruent memory

Answer 23

When humans store memories, they not only store the event, but they also store a memory of the mood they were in at the time.