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Chemistry A-Level Paper 2 > 3.3.9 - Carboxylic acids and derivates > Flashcards

3.3.9 - Carboxylic acids and derivates Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is the carboyxlic acid dissociaton equation reversible?

A

Because it is a weak acid

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2
Q

What do carboxylic acids form when reacting with carbonates? (3)

A
  1. Salt (COONa)
  2. CO2
  3. Water
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3
Q

Give the catalyst used

How do you form a ester?

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol = ester + water
Uses acid catalyst

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4
Q

What is another way an ester can be made, and what does it form?

A

Acid anhydride + alcohol —-> Ester + carboxylic acid

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5
Q

How do you name an ester?

A
  1. Name the part that came from the alcohol by replacing ‘ol’ with ‘yl’ (propan-2-yl)
  2. Name the other part using -oate prefix

A full name example is methyl ethanoate

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6
Q

What are the two products for acidic hydrolysis of an ester?

A

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

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7
Q

What are the two products for alkali hydrolysis of an ester?

A

Carboxylate salt and alcohol

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8
Q

Why do fats have higher melting points than oils?

A
  1. Saturated hydrocarbon chains
  2. Allows for neat packing together
  3. Increasing VDW forces between them
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9
Q

What is the general strucuture of fats/oils?

A

Glycerol + long chain carboxylic acid

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10
Q

What is the equation for the hydrolysis of fats and oils?

A

Fat/oil + NaOH —> Glycerol + Sodium salt (COONa)

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11
Q

Name the products

How do you obtain the fatty acid chain from the sodium salt?

A

React with acid to form fatty acid and Na+ ion

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12
Q

How do you form biodiesel?

A

Fat/oil + methanol —> Glycerol + methyl ester (biodiesel)

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13
Q

What is the catalyst used in the production of biodiesel?

A

KOH

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14
Q

What do acyl chlorides form when reacting with water?

A

Carboxylic acid and HCl

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15
Q

What do acyl chlorides form when reacting with an alcohol?

A

Ester + HCl

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16
Q

What do acyl chlorides form when reacting with ammonia?

A

Amide + HCl

17
Q

What do acyl chlorides form when reacting with primary amines?

A

N-substituded amide + HCl

18
Q

What mechanism do acyl chlorides react via?

A

Nueclophillic addition-elimination

19
Q

What is the structure of an acid anhydride?

A

Two carboxylic acids, with a water molecule removed between them

20
Q

What is the difference between the reaction of acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides?

A

Acid anydride produce carboxylic acids instead of HCl

21
Q

Why is ethanoic anyhride used instead of ethanoyl chloride in the manufacturing of aspirin?

A
  • Does not produce HCl
  • Less corrosive

Chemistry A-Level Paper 2 (19 decks)

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