3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Empirical formula definition

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms

Question 2

Explain structural formula

Answer 2

Shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound, without the bonds in between.

Question 3

Displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows arrangments of all bonds and atoms

Question 4

Homologous series have the same… (2)

Answer 4

1. Functional group
2. General formula

Question 5

Structural isomers have the same … but different …

Answer 5

The same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 6

2 types of stereoisomers

Answer 6

1. Optical (enantiomers)
2. Geometric (E-Z)

Question 7

3 types of structural isomers

Answer 7

Chain, positional, functional group (pent-1-ene vs cyclopentane)

Question 8

Stereoisomers have the same … but different …

Answer 8

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms.

Question 9

Explain how the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) priority rules can be used to deduce the full IUPAC name of this compound (6 marks)

Answer 9

1. Consider atomic number of attached atoms
2. X has higher atomic number than Y, takes prioity on RHS
3. Both contain X atoms, move one bond away
4. Z has a higher atomic number than W, takes priority
5. Highest priority groups on the opposite/same side.
6. Therefore it is E/Z

Question 10

Monochloro isomers

Answer 10

Isomers where the chlorine is placed in unique positions. (positional isomer)