3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of elements in a molecule/compound

Question 2

Molecular formula

Answer 2

The actual number of atoms of elements in a compound

Question 3

General formula

Answer 3

Represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds

Question 4

Structural formula

Answer 4

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a compound, but not all the bonds

Question 5

Displayed formula

Answer 5

Shows every bond between every atom in a compound

Question 6

Skeletal formula

Answer 6

A diagram representation of an organic compound in which lines represent bonds between atoms and atoms are represented by their symbol, except C and H

Question 7

Homologous series

Answer 7

Compounds that share the same general formula / containing the same functional group

Question 8

How is the formation of a bond drawn in a mechanism

Answer 8

By a curly arrow that starts from a lone electron pair or from another covalent bond

Question 9

How is the breaking of a bond drawn in a mechanism

Answer 9

By a curly arrow starting from the bond.

Question 10

Chain isomer

Answer 10

Same molecular formula, but different branches

Question 11

Position isomer

Answer 11

Same molecular formula, but functional group is positioned differently

Question 12

Functional isomer

Answer 12

Same molecular formula, but different functional group

Question 13

E – Z isomerism

Answer 13

A form of stereoisomerism that occurs as a result of restricted rotation about the planar carbon–carbon double bond

Question 14

Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) priority rules

Answer 14

The atom/branch with the higher Ar is given higher priority than the other atom/branch attached to the same carbon (so will go on top of diagrams)

Question 15

Stereoisomer

Answer 15

Same molecular formula and same branches, different spatial arrangements