3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Define empirical formula.

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.

Question 2

Define molecular formula.

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of each elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula.

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula.

Answer 4

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula.

Answer 5

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each carbon atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H.

Question 6

Give the suffixes for: no double bonds, at least one double bond, an alcohol, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid.

Answer 6

ane, ene, ol, al, one, oic acid

Question 7

Give the prefixes for: CH3 group, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, Cl group, Br group, I group

Answer 7

methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, chloro, bromo, iodo.

Question 8

Define structural isomerism.

Answer 8

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 9

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 9

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 10

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 10

Same atoms, different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 11

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 11

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently eg. branched chains

Question 12

Define stereoisomerism.

Answer 12

Same structural and molecular formula
Different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 13

What is E/Z isomerism and how are the E/Z isomers decided?

Answer 13

Caused by limited rotation about C=C double bonds
If the two substituent groups with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond it is the Z isomer
Different sides - E isomer