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GIGU - Week 5/6 (STILL QUARANTINE) > 33- Male Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

33- Male Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The male reproductive system is responsible for production, nourishment, and temporary storage of ________, as well as synthesis and secretion of male sex hormones, called ________.

A

Sperm

Androgens

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2
Q

This structure is involved in sperm and androgen production.

A

Testes

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3
Q

These structures are involved in sperm transport.

A

Epididymis
Ductus Deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethra

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4
Q

These structures are involved in semen production and sperm nutrient source.

A

Seminal Vesicle
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral Glands

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5
Q

This is a copulatory organ with erectile tissue.

A

Penis

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6
Q

These are paired organs located in the scrotum, posteriorly associated with the epididymis.

A

Testes

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7
Q

The testes contains a dense CT capsule called the ________ _______, which thickens posteriorly and forms the ________ ________.

A

Tunica Albuginea

Mediastinum Testis

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8
Q

This is derived from peritoneum and consists of two layers. The outer parietal layer lines the scrotum, and inner visceral layer covers the Tunica Albuginea.

A

Tunica Vaginalis

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9
Q

These are septa that create 250-300 lobules containing 1-4 convoluted _________ _________ lined with seminiferous epithelium. These are within the testes.

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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10
Q

What type of cells are in the Seminiferous Epithelium of the Seminiferous Tubules?

A

Sertoli Cells

Spermatogenic Cells

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11
Q

Seminiferous Tubules are surrounded by CT and 3-5 layers of ________ ________ ________.

A

Peritubular Myoid Cells

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12
Q

These cells are found in between Seminiferous Tubules and are close to blood vessels and lymphatic channels.

A

Interstitial Cells of Leydig

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13
Q

Interstitial Cells of Leydig are ________-producing cells containing lipid droplets, mitochondria, and a well-developed sER. They are accompanied by myoid cells and fibroblasts.

A

Steroid

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14
Q

These are columnar cells with extensive processes that surround spermatogenic cells and occupy the spaces between them. They organize tubules and extend the full thickness of the Seminiferous Epithelium.

A

Sertoli Cells

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15
Q

What is the hallmark of Sertoli Cells?

A

Cyclops nucleus

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16
Q

These cells within the Seminiferous Epithelium replicate and differentiate into mature sperm.

A

Spermatogenic Cells

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17
Q

These are the most immature type of Spermatogenic Cells, and they rest on the basal lamina.

A

Spermatogonia

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18
Q

These type of Spermatogenic Cells are most mature and are attached to the apical portion of Sertoli Cells, near the tubule lumen.

A

Spermatids

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19
Q

These are “nurse” cells with crypts supporting 30-50 germ cells. They function in exchange/transport of metabolites and nutritive factors into lumen, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and phagocytose residual bodies (spermiogenesis) and effete spermatogenic cells.

A

Sertoli Cells

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20
Q

Sertoli cells are bound by tight junctions to form this complex that creates 50+ parallel lines of fusion along basolateral membranes.

A

Sertoli Cell-to-Sertoli Cell Junctional Complex

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21
Q

The Sertoli Cell-to-Sertoli Cell Junctional Complex establishes what barrier?

A

Blood Testis Barrier

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22
Q

This type of Spermatogenic Cell is clonally divided (mitosis) and located near the basement membrane. They consist of two types, Type A and Type B.

A

Spermatogonia

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23
Q

This type of Spermatogonia generates copies of itself and/or differentiates into Type B Spermatogonia.

A

Type A Spermatogonia

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24
Q

Type B Spermatogonia enter meiotic prophase as _________ _________.

A

Primary Spermatocytes

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25
Q

Spermatocytes undergo two meiotic divisions and are inside the Blood Testis Barrier. What are the steps from Primary Spermatocyte to reach Spermatids?

A

Primary Spermatocytes —>
Secondary Spermatocytes —>
Spermatids

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26
Q

Briefly describe the full Spermatogenic Cell sequence.

A

Type A Spermatogonia (stem cells) —>

MITOSIS

Type B Spermatogonia —>

Primary Spermatocytes —>

FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION

Secondary Spermatocytes —>

SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION

Spermatids —>

SPERMIOGENESIS

Mature Spermatozoa

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27
Q

Sertoli-Sertoli Junctional Complex divides epithelium into what compartments?

A

Basal Compartment

Adluminal Compartment

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28
Q

Spermatogonia and early Primary Spermatocytes are restricted to the (BASAL/ADLUMINAL) Compartment.

A

Basal

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29
Q

Mature Spermatocytes and Spermatids are restricted to the (BASAL/ADLUMINAL) Compartment.

A

Adluminal

30
Q

Early Spermatocytes must pass through the Sertoli-Sertoli Junctional Complex to move from the (BASAL/ADLUMINAL) Compartment to the (BASAL/ADLUMINAL) Compartment.

A

Basal

Adluminal

31
Q

The Blood Testis Barrier isolates haploid _______ ______ (Secondary Spermatocytes, Spermatids, and Sperm) from the systemic circulation.

A

Germ Cells

32
Q

Spermatids undergo Spermiogenesis. _________ Spermatids are housed in niches of Sertoli Cells, and ________ Spermatids are housed in apical crypts of Sertoli Cells.

A

Round (Early)

Elongated (Late)

33
Q

Mature Spermatids are released via __________. This is the process of residual bodies being lost and Mature Spermatids are separated. Spermatozoa are fully formed, but not yet functional, then Sperm are released into the lumen and propelled to the Epididymal Duct.

A

Spermiation

34
Q

Mature Sperm are comprised what parts?

A

Head
Neck
Tail

35
Q

The head of the Sperm contains a flattened and elongated nucleus. It is partially capped by the _________ and contains hydrolytic enzymes.

A

Acrosome

36
Q

The tail of the Sperm is subdivided into what parts?

A

Middle Piece
Principal Piece
End Piece

37
Q

This part of the Sperm tail contains mitochondria.

A

Middle Piece

38
Q

This part of the Sperm tail is the longest.

A

Principal Piece

39
Q

Briefly list the Sperm Transport Pathway.

A

Straight Tubules —>

Rete Testis —>

Efferent Ductules —>

Epididymis —>

Ductus Deferens —>

Ejaculatory Duct

40
Q

This is a highly elongated and coiled duct (about 6 m) where the sperm mature and develop its head, neck, and tail.

A

Epididymis

41
Q

The Epididymis is made of what type of epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified Columnar with long Stereocilia

42
Q

The Epididymis has ________ ________, which are columnar cells extending from the lumen to the basal lamina with stereocilia. There are also Stem Cells of these cells within the Epididymis.

A

Principal Cells

43
Q

The Epididymis consists of thin, circular layers of smooth muscle cells. In the tail region there is an addition of inner and outer _________ layers.

A

Longitudinal

44
Q

Sperm maturation consists in acquiring _______ _______, and mature sperm are stored in the tail of the epididymis.

A

Forward Motility

45
Q

This is a 45-cm long muscular tube lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelia with sparse stereocilia. It is supported by a CT lamina propria with elastic fibers.

A

Ductus Deferens

46
Q

The Ductus Deferens has a muscular wall consisting of an inner and outer _________ layers, and a middle _________ layer.

A

Longitudinal

Circular

47
Q

The external layer of the Ductus Deferens consists of loose CT and _________.

A

Adipocytes

48
Q

The _________ of the Ductus Deferens is the dilated portion that leads directly into the Prostate Gland.

A

Ampulla

49
Q

The distal end of the Ductus Deferens receive the ducts of the Seminal Vesicle, forming ________ ________.

A

Ejaculatory Ducts

50
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

Seminal Vesicles (2)
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral Glands (2)
Urethral Glands

51
Q

Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Gland produce the majority of seminal fluid. Function is regulated by _________ (testosterone and DHT).

A

Androgens

52
Q

The Seminal Vesicles produce an alkaline secretion rich in _________ and _________. Contributes to semen (70%).

A

Fructose

Prostaglandins

53
Q

The excretory duct of the Seminal Vesicles penetrates the ________ after joining with the _______ _______ to form the Ejaculatory Duct.

A

Prostate

Ductus Deferens

54
Q

The Seminal Vesicles have an external CT capsule. It also has highly folded mucosa lined by _________ _________ epithelium and an inner _________ and outer _________ smooth muscle layer.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar
Circular
Longitudinal

55
Q

This is a collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands embedded in a dense fibromuscular stroma with a CT capsule.

A

Prostate Gland

56
Q

The Prostate Glands are arranged in zones around the urethra. What are these zones?

A

Transitions Zone
Central Zone
Peripheral Zone

57
Q

This zone of the Prostate Gland surrounds the superior urethra and contains periurethral mucosal glands.

A

Transition Zone (5%)

58
Q

This zone of the Prostate Gland is posterior to the Transition Zone and encircles the ejaculatory ducts and contains periurethral submucosal glands with longer ducts.

A

Central Zone (25%)

59
Q

This zone of the Prostate Gland makes up the bulk of the gland and contains main glands with still longer ducts.

A

Peripheral Zone (70%)

60
Q

In the Prostate Gland, individual glands converge but all empty into the _______ _______, which is the end site of prostatic ducts (prostatic secretions) and ejaculatory ducts (semen and secretions from seminal vesicles).

A

Prostatic Urethra

61
Q

In the Prostate, glands are lined by _______ _______ or ________ epithelium. The lumen contains ________ ________, which are concretions rich in glycoproteins and Ca2+ deposits.

A

Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified
Corpora Amylacea

62
Q

The Prostate produces a _______-rich alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina. It also provides nutrients and transports sperm and liquefies semen.

A

Zinc

63
Q

These are compound tubuloalveolar glands under the control of testosterone. They are lined with simple columnar epithelium.

A

Bulbourethral Glands

64
Q

The Bulbourethral Glands produce a clear, mucus-like secretion that is a major component of ________ fluid. This fluid lubricates the penile urethra and neutralizes traces of acidic urine.

A

Pre-seminal

65
Q

The penis consists of cylindrical, columnar masses of erectile tissue. These are…

A 
Corpora Cavernosa (2)
Corpus Spongiosum (contains penile urethra)
66
Q

T/F. All three erectile tissues of the penis are comprised of irregular, interconnected vascular sinuses with fibrocollagenous stroma.

A

True

67
Q

This is the distal tip of the Corpus Spongiosum.

A

Glans Penis

68
Q

The Corpora Cavernosa are each surrounded by a dense fibroelastic layer called the…

A

Tunica Albuginea

69
Q

An _________ involves blood filling the cavernous spaces of erectile tissues, controlled by ANS in the vascular walls.

A

Erection

70
Q

(SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC) relax trabecular smooth muscle and dilate helicine arteries, which increases blood flow and filling of cavernous spaces.

A

Parasympathetic

71
Q

Enlargement compresses dorsal veins against the _______ _______, which blocks venous outflow and produces rigidity in erectile tissues.

A

Tunica Albuginea

72
Q

At ejaculation, (SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETICS) constrict helicine arteries and trabecular muscle, which decreases blood flow into spaces, allowing the veins to drain most of the blood.

A

Sympathetic

GIGU - Week 5/6 (STILL QUARANTINE) (11 decks)

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