3.3 learning theories Flashcards
What is conditioning?
A form of training which makes a certain behaviour a habit.
What is classical conditioning?
Concerned with modifying the stimulus, the work of Pavlov when the dogs ate they salivated he rang a bell while dogs ate causing them to salivate any time the bell was rung. Performer doesn’t make decision about stimulus, response is automatic, S-R bond strengthened by reinforcement, behaviour not modified.
What is operant conditioning?
Concerned with modifying the response, skinner- pigeons pecked the table tennis ball when they wanted to be fed, based on trial and error, with correct reinforcement. Player may not know why it’s correct only that it will be rewarded.
What is positive reinforcement?
Consists of reward after a successful performance.
What is negative reinforcement?
Withdrawing or not giving praise, or removing an unpleasant experience.
What is punishment?
Breaking the incorrect bond
What are the three Thorndike’s laws?
law of exercise, law of effect, law of readiness.
What is the law of exercise?
Repetition strengthens the S-R bond so practise is very important.
What is the law of effect?
Reinforcement strengthens the S-R bond, trial and error produces this effect.
What is the law of readiness?
Learning can only occur when the nervous system is sufficiently mature, performer has to be psychologically ready.
What are the three stages of learning?
cognitive, associative, autonomous
What is the cognitive stage of learning?
Lots of mistakes, learning is rapid, initial learning of the skill and understanding of the activity.
What is the associative stage of learning?
putting things together, focus on movement, error detection skill still inconsistent, longer phase
What is the autonomous stage of learning?
focus on tactics, action is automatic
