3.3 empires beliefs Flashcards
Catholic scholars today admit that by the 1500s the church had weakened through impotence in the _____ 1300s, schisms 1400s, as well as moral failures.
plague
The _________ beginning at least by the 1400s had also turned people to thinking in other ways. Early attempts at reform led to the condemnation of Wycliffe d.1384 and the death of Hus d.1415.
Renaissance
Martin Luther d.1546, a Catholic ______, believed that the church had strayed from the Bible in several ways. He sought to bring the church back to its origins. The church resisted and condemned Luther.
monk
German political leaders supported Luther who insisted that the Bible was the supreme ______. Luther taught that people were made right with God by “faith that worked” rather than “faith plus works.”
authority
Churches that arose from this “protest” included Lutherans and Presbyterians. These Protestants tended to thrive in _______ Europe while Catholicism held strong in the south. There are roughly 800 million Protestants today.
northern
Others such as Baptists, Quakers, and Mennonites separated further. They variously believed the church should be ______ from the government, that Christians should be pacifists, and that baptism was for those old enough to understand their decision.
independent
In England Henry VIII d.1547 separated from the _______ church for personal reasons. This led to the Church of England (Anglican; later Episcopal in the US).
Catholic
Elizabeth his (Henry VIII) daughter( d.1603 attempted some peaceful ground between warring sides declaring that she did not make windows into men’s souls. However, the ______ arose to purify the church further.
Puritans
When persecution continued, first the Pilgrims and then the Puritans came to the American colonies for ________ ________.
religious freedom.
In the 1600s England was wracked with _____ war between Puritans and Anglicans. Puritans ruled briefly 1650s but Anglicans were restored as supreme. The Glorious Revolution 1688 gave Parliament the upper hand.
civil
John Calvin d.1564 (of France and then Switzerland) was a second major figure along with Luther. He emphasized the sovereignty of God and was the author of important _______ works.
theological
John Calvin’s teaching can be summarized as follows ____: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, preservation of the saints.
TULIP
Quite a lot of persecution accompanied these breaks. Catholics and Protestants both believed the other one (and third parties) led people to ___. Persecution could involve death and war.
hell
Catholics started a ______ _______ to clarify their teachings and bring Protestants back into their faith. The Council of Trent urged an end to corruption and excesses, and for spiritual purification.
Counter Reformation
Catholics continued to emphasize the authority of the ____, the glorification of Mary, the importance of sacraments (including the mass and transubstantiation) and works for salvation. The Catholic Bible contains more books than the Protestant Bible.
Pope
