3.3 Controlling and influencing attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

What position did Hitler give Goebbels and what did he have to do?

A

Minister of People’s Enlightenment
Co-ordinate Nazi policy towards media, sport, culture and the Arts
Promoted pro-Nazi attitudes, censored anti-Nazi ones

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2
Q

What was the difference between Goebbels’ and Hitler’s vision for propaganda?

A

Hitler - constantly repeat Nazi message - ‘bread and work’

Goebbels - Nazi attitudes buried in propaganda; people wouldn’t know they were being influenced

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3
Q

How did Nazis use the press?

A

Journalists told what they could/couldn’t publish
Given briefings containing info government were willing to release and instructed on what to write
No free press in Germany - every paper was Nazi

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4
Q

What happened to newspapers that opposed Nazis?

A

They were closed

1,600 closed down in 1935

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5
Q

How did Nazis use radio?

A

All radios under Nazi control
Hitler and other Nazis made regular broadcasts
All radios designed with short range, couldn’t pick up foreign stations

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6
Q

What was the Volksempfanger?

A

Cheap, mass produced radio sold to the public
Put in cafes, factoriesa and schools
Speakers in the streets
70% had one my 1939

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7
Q

Describe the Nuremberg rally in 1934

A

Giant eagle with 100ft wing span
1000s of swastika banners
Surrounded by 130 anti-aircraft searchlights w/25,000 ft range
200,000 party supporters waving 20,000 flags

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8
Q

How did Nazis use sports?

A

Covered stadiums in Nazi symbols, linking sports entusiasm to Nazi enthusiasm
Insisted all teams, even foreign, do straight-armed salute during anthem; sports stars respecting Nazis
hailing sports victories as victories for Nazi ideals e.g. being the best

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9
Q

How did the Nazis use sport as propaganda during the Berlin Olympics in 1936?

A

Build 110,000 capacity stadium - biggest in the world
Covered in swastikas and other symbols
Well organised to show Nazi efficiency
Germany won 33 medals - the most
Filmed by leading film directors who released 2 films which were used for propaganda

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10
Q

How was censorship involved in the Berlin Olympics?

A

Reich Press Chamber ordered that any information printed about the Olympics before the official report was could be dangerous/ ‘at their own peril’

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11
Q

How was art controlled in Nazi Germany?

A

Reich Chamber of Culture - arts, architecture, literature, music, theatre, film
Supposed to line up culture with Nazi ideals
Promoted cultural activities that fitted Nazis and banned the rest

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12
Q

What was the Reich Chamber of Visula Arts?

A

All painters and sculptors required to apply
42,000 artists accepted
Artists who didn’t receive membership/had it revoked couldn’t teach, sell or produce art

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13
Q

What design features did Speer use?

A

Hude buildings = power and permanence
Features of Ancient Rome and Greece e.g. domes, arches, pillars = grand and historic
Decorated with massive Nazi flags = artistic, meant building’s power reflected on Nazis

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14
Q

What happened to Music in Nazi Germany?

A

Jazz music censored - seen as work of blacks and inferior
Mendelssohm banned - party Jewish
Wagner promoted - put heroic German legends to music
Beethoven, Bach and traditional German music favoured

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15
Q

What happened to Literature in Nazi Germany?

A

No new books published without Chamber of Culture’s permission
2,500 writers banned for having ideas Nazis didn’t agree with

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16
Q

What happened in May 1933 concerning literature?

A

200,000 books written by Jews, communists and anti-Nazis burned incl. Freud and Einstein (Jewish)
Taken from public libraries and universities

17
Q

What happened to Films in Nazi Germany?

A

Films preceeded by 45 min newsreel publicising German achievements
All filmmakers sent plot details of new films to Goebbels for approval Nazis made 1,300 of their own films

18
Q

What was Hitlerjunge Quex (1933)

A

A movie about a young Nazi killed by communists

19
Q

What was Hansi?

A

Cartoon canary based on Mickey Mouse
Had the same hair as Hitler
Pestered by vaillainous black crows w/stereotypical Jewish features

20
Q

What is gleichschaltung?

A

Bringing Germany in-line with Nazi ideals

Nazification