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BACTE MIDTERMS > 3.3 > Flashcards

3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What infections are caused by N. meningitidis?

A

Endemic and epidemic meningitis, meningococcemia, and rarely pneumonia, purulent arthritis, or endophthalmitis

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of fatal bacterial meningitis

A

N. meningitidis

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3
Q

Where is N. meningitidis commonly found in the human body?

A

Nasopharynx and oropharynx (asymptomatic human carriage in the upper respiratory tract).

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4
Q

What carbohydrates does N. meningitidis ferment?

A

Glucose and maltose

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5
Q

What growth requirement is specific to N. meningitidis?

A

Requires iron for growth

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6
Q

What does a positive beta-lactamase test indicate for N. meningitidis?

A

It produces beta-lactamase

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7
Q

What is the mode of transmission for N. meningitidis?

A

Close contact with respiratory droplet secretions.

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8
Q

What is observed in microscopy of encapsulated strains of N. meningitidis?

A

A halo around the organism.

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9
Q

List the virulence factors of N. meningitidis.

A

Pili, polysaccharide capsule, LOS endotoxin, IgA protease, and cellular proteins

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10
Q

What are the key porin proteins in N. meningitidis

A

PorA and PorB.

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11
Q

Which encapsulated serogroups of N. meningitidis are the most common causes of infection?

A

Serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135.

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12
Q

List the infections and diseases caused by N. meningitidis

A

Meningococcemia, meningitis, meningococcal pneumonia, conjunctivitis, and urethritis.

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13
Q

The presence of N. meningitidis in the blood, occurring with or without meningitis

A

meningococcemia

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14
Q

What are the hallmark symptoms of meningococcemia?

A

Purpura, petechial skin rash, tachycardia, hypotension, and thrombosis

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15
Q

What syndrome is associated with hemorrhage in the adrenal glands during meningococcemia

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

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16
Q

What complications can result from meningococcemia?

A

Arthritis, pericarditis, pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and septic shock.

17
Q

What are the sequelae of meningococcemia?

A

Eighth nerve deafness, CNS damage, and skin or tissue necrosis due to vascular thrombosis

18
Q

What serogroup of N. meningitidis is associated with meningococcal pneumonia?

A

Serogroup Y.

19
Q

What age group and condition are associated with meningococcal pneumonia?

A

Older individuals with underlying pulmonary problems.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis caused by N. meningitidis?

A

Abrupt onset of frontal headache, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), confusion, and photophobia

21
Q

What sequelae can result from meningitis caused by N. meningitidis?

A

Neurologic complications or seizures

22
Q

List the specimens used for the laboratory diagnosis of N. meningitidis.

A

CSF, blood, nasopharyngeal swabs, synovial fluids, aspirates of petechiae, sputum, and urogenital sites.

23
Q

What is the appearance of N. meningitidis in a Gram stain?

A

Intracellular and extracellular Gram-negative diplococci

24
Q

What culture media are used to grow N. meningitidis?

A

BAP, CAP, and TMA.

25
Q

Why must the SPS content of culture media for N. meningitidis not exceed 0.025%?

A

Because N. meningitidis is sensitive to higher concentrations of SPS.

26
Q

Describe the colony morphology of N. meningitidis.

A

Medium-sized, gray, convex colonies; encapsulated strains appear mucoid.

27
Q

What are the key biochemical test results for N. meningitidis?

A

Oxidase test (+), ferments glucose and maltose, γ-glutamyl aminopeptidase (+).

28
Q

What serologic tests are used for N. meningitidis?

A

Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and particle agglutination techniques (latex and coagglutination).

29
Q

What is the treatment of choice for N. meningitidis infections?

A

Penicillin G.

30
Q

Which Neisseria species is the only one that uses lactose?

A

Neisseria lactamica

31
Q

What disease does Neisseria cinerea cause?

A

Bacteremia, conjunctivitis, nosocomial pneumonia, and prostatitis.

32
Q

Which Neisseria species is associated with a yellow pigment and asaccharolytic growth at 22°C?

A

Neisseria flavescens

33
Q

Which Neisseria species is rod-shaped and catalase-negative?

A

Neisseria elongata

34
Q

What disease is caused by Neisseria subflava?

A

Bacteremia, meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and bacteriuria.

35
Q

What is the colony morphology of Neisseria sicca?

A

Dry, wrinkled, adherent, breadcrumb-like colonies.

36
Q

What is the role of Neisseria weaver in animals?

A

It is part of the normal oral microbiota in dogs

BACTE MIDTERMS (17 decks)

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