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BACTE MIDTERMS > 2.5 > Flashcards

2.5 Flashcards

1
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae also known as

A

PNEUMOCOCCUS and DIPLOCOCCUS

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2
Q

encapsulated, characteristically lancet-shaped which occurs singly, on pairs and short chains
contains antigen referred to as C substance which reacts with CRP
facultative anaerobe requiring an increase CO2 tension (Candle Jar)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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3
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae VIRULENCE FACTORS

A
  1. Polysaccharide Capsule
  2. Adherance
  3. Enzymes
  4. Pneumolysin O
  5. Autolysin
  6. C-substance
  7. Hemolysin
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4
Q

Enzymes found in Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Neuraminidase
Protease
Hyaluronidase

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5
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae enzyme in charge of degrading surface structures of host tissue

A

Neuraminidase

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6
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae enzyme in charge of facilitating bacterial colonization on mucosal surfaces by eliminating Ig

A

Protease

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7
Q

oxygen-sensitive toxin found in Streptococcus pneumoniae that is cytolytic for cells

A

Pneumolysin O

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8
Q

S. pneumoniae component that facilitates the release of pneumolysin O and other toxic proteins or inflammatory substance from cells

A

Autolysin

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9
Q

component of cell wall of S. pneumoniae which is teichoic acid that reacts with CRP resulting in the activation of some nonspecific host immune response

A

C-substance

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10
Q

RELATED INFECTIONS AND DISEASES with S. pneumoniae

A
  1. Lobar Pneumonia
  2. Meningitis
  3. Otitis Media
  4. Endocarditis, Peritonitis, and Bacteremia
  5. Secondary Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
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11
Q

characterized by the presence of voluminous fluid which hastens in the spread of bacteria in the lungs
sudden onset with chills, dyspnea, and cough
most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in elderly and immunocompromised individual

A

Lobar Pneumonia

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12
Q

Microscopy of sputum from patients with Lobar Pneumonia

A

large number of S. pneumonia cells and WBC;
absence of oropharyngeal microbiota

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13
Q

 follows other S. pneumonia otitis media or pneumonia
most common cause of meningitis in adults

A

Meningitis

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14
Q

 most common isolate in children under 3 years old with recurrent otitis
media

A

Otitis Media

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15
Q

Specimen of choice for S. pneumoniae

A

Sputum, Swabs, Pus, CSF and Blood

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16
Q

Specimen characteristic that may indicate S. pneumonia

A

RUST-TINGED SPUTUM

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17
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS of S. pneumoniae

A
  1. Gram-Stain
  2. Culture Medium
  3. Biochemical Test
  4. Serologic Test
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18
Q

Gram-Stain observations for S. pneumoniae

A

Gram(+) cocci in pairs = DIPLOCOCCI
cells are slightly pointed = LANCET SHAPE

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19
Q

Culture Medium used for S. pneumoniae

A

BHIA, TSA with 5% sheep’s RBC and CAP

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20
Q

Blood agar plate results for young colonies of S. pneumoniae

A

circular, glistening, dome shaped, wet, mucoid

21
Q

Blood agar plate results for old colonies of S. pneumoniae

A

AUTOLYTIC CHANGES result in a
collapse of each colony’s center,
giving it umbilicate or doughnot
appearance, Dimple-shaped

(CHECKER or NAILHEAD COLONIES)

22
Q

BAP of S. pneumoniae

Colonies incubated aerobically produce

A

α-hemolysis.

23
Q

BAP of S. pneumoniae

Colonies incubated anaerobically produce

A

β-hemolysis due to
oxygen-labile PNEUMOLYSIN O

24
Q

BIOCHEMICAL TEST used for S, pneumoniae

A

a. Optochin Susceptibility Test/ TAXO P
b. Bile Solubility Test
c. Neufeld-Quellang Reaction/ Capsular Swelling Test
d. Francis Test
e. Mouse Virulence Test

25
Q

presumptive identification of S. pneumoniae

A

Optochin Susceptibility Test/ TAXO P

26
Q

Optochin Susceptibility Test/ TAXO P utilizes what disk

A

Optochin (ETHYLHYDROCUPREIN HYDROCHLORIDE)

27
Q

Optochin (ETHYLHYDROCUPREIN HYDROCHLORIDE) is added to what media in order to determine S. pneumoniae

A

surface of an SBA plate inoculated with an α-hemolytic Streptococcus

28
Q

Optochin Susceptibility Test/ TAXO P positive result for S. pneumoniae

A

 ZOI >14 mm with a 6-mm disk = SUSCEPTIBLE
 ZOI >16 mm with a 10-mm disk = SUSCEPTIBLE

29
Q

Test based on the presence of autocatalytic enzyme AMIDASE in S. pneumoniae
Under the influence of BILE SALT OR DETERGENT, bacteria’s cell wall lyses during cell division

A

Bile Solubility Test

30
Q

Bile Solubility Test detects the presence of what enzyme in order to determine S. pneumoniae

A

AMIDASE

31
Q

Bile Solubility Test Reagent used for S. pneumoniae identification

A

SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE

32
Q

Bile Solubility Test Result interpretation

A

 S. pneumoniae = solution becomes CLEAR (+)
 Other α-hemolytic = solution remains CLOUDY (-)
 Negative control: Suspensions made in saline

33
Q

most useful, specific and rapid method for the identification of S. pneumonia (+) and allows serotyping of isolates
performed by mixing on a slide loopful of emulsified sputum or CSF with a loopful of ANTICAPSULAR SERUM and METHYLENE BLUE

A

Neufeld-Quellang Reaction/ Capsular Swelling Test

34
Q

Neufeld-Quellang Reaction/ Capsular Swelling Test (+) reaction for S. pneumoniae

A

capsule appears swollen due to change in refractive index which in turn due to serologic reaction (OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE)

35
Q

SKIN TEST for determining the presence of ANTIBODIES against pneumococci

A

Francis Test

36
Q

Based on the sensitivity of mouse to even small inoculum of pneumococci
Sputum containing pneumococci is injected intraperitoneally to a mouse which eventually dies within 16-48 hours
Heart blood of the mouse contain pure culture of pneumococci

A

Mouse Virulence Test

37
Q

uses particle-bound antibody to enhance the visibility of the agglutination reaction between Antigen and Antibody

A

Coagglutination Test

38
Q

Pneumococci reaction with these test
Bile Solubility Test
Inulin Fermentation Test
Capsular Swelling Test
Quinidine Test
Optochin Test
Mouse Virulence Test

A

Bile Solubility Test = Bile Soluble
Inulin Fermentation Test = Fermenter
Capsular Swelling Test = Swelling of Capsule
Quinidine Test = Susceptible
Optochin Test = Susceptible
Mouse Virulence Test = Mouse dies within 16-48
hours

39
Q

Streptococci reaction with these test
Bile Solubility Test
Inulin Fermentation Test
Capsular Swelling Test
Quinidine Test
Optochin Test
Mouse Virulence Test

A

Bile Solubility Test = Insoluble
Inulin Fermentation Test = Non-fermenter
Capsular Swelling Test = No Swelling
Quinidine Test = Resistant
Optochin Test = Resistant
Mouse Virulence Test = Won’t die

40
Q

SEROLOGIC TEST FOR STREPTOCOCCI

A

Lancefield Precipitin Test
Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test
Coagglutiantion (Phadebact)
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Latex Agglutination Test
ASO Titer for Group A Streptococcal Infection

41
Q

confirmatory test wherein cell wall antigens are extracted either physically by heating or chemical or enzymatic extraction of cell
suspension grown overnight in Todd-Hewitt Broth

A

Lancefield Precipitin Test

42
Q

formerly known as the NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI

A

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

43
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella also known as

A

pyridoxal-dependent or vitamin B6-dependent,
thiol-dependent and symbiotic streptococci

44
Q

grow as “satellite colonies” around other bacteria and require sulfhydryl compounds for growth
part of the human oral and gastrointestinal microbiota

A

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

45
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella Related Infections

A

Bacteremia,
endocarditis,
otitis media,
osteomyelitis,
endophthalmitis after cataract extraction,
brain abscess,
chronic sinusitis,
septic arthritis,
meningitis,
and breast implant– associated infections

46
Q

Microscopy phenotype of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

A

Gram-variable and Pleomorphic forms

47
Q

Abiotrophia and Granulicatella
Species

A

Granulicatella adiacens,
Granulicatella elegans, and
Granulicatella balaenopterae,
Abiotrophia defective, and
Abiotrophia adjacens

48
Q

Biochemical Characteristics of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella

A

α-galactosidase
β-galactosidase
β-glucuronidase,
Hippurate hydrolysis
Arginine hydrolysis
Acid production from trehalose and starch

BACTE MIDTERMS (17 decks)

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