327-M4 - Police Oversight and Accountability Flashcards
What are the three principles that govern use of force?
- Proportionality
- Necessity
- Reasonableness
What does the criminal code say about police’s use of force?
must be reasonable and duty-bound
What is the history of the models of police force use?
used to be highly variable, inconsistent, rigid, and linear
Explain the…
National Use of Force Framework (NUFF)
just what it is
How an officer assesses, plans, and responds to a given situation
What 3 things should officers consider under the NUFF?
- situation
- subject’s behaviour
- officer’s perceptions and tactical considerations
The three principles that guide police use of force include:
- proportionality
- necessity
- reasonableness
What does the criminal code state about police use of force?
must be reasonable and duty-bound
What are some characteristics of the historical models of police use of force?
variable, inconsistent, rigid, and linear
What is the current model for police use of force?
National Use of Force Framework
Explain
National Use of Force Framework (NUFF) - model
the ideal process of police officers assessing, planning, and responding to a situation
What three things does NUFF want officers to consider (broadly)?
- situation
- subject’s behaviour
- officer’s perceptions and tactical considerations
Under the NUFF model, explain…
the core of the model, the situation
police have a duty to be continuously assess, planning, and acting
Under the NUFF model, explain…
the behaviour of the suspect
ranges in intensity, from cooperative to grevious bodily harm/death
Under the NUFF model, explain…
the Perception and tactical considerations of the officers
influential with all aspects of subject’s behaviour
Under the NUFF model, explain…
communication
includes tone, body stance, language
Under the NUFF model, explain…
physical control
without the use of a weapon, ranges from soft (physical subduing) –>hard (punches/kicks)
includes handcuffs
Under the NUFF model, explain…
intermediate weapons
less lethal weapons that are not intended to cause serious harm or death e.g. batons, tear gas, pepper spray, conductive weapons, K9s
Under the NUFF model, explain…
Lethal force
includes weapons and techniques that are intended or likely to cause reasonable harm, death.
Explain the G20 summit
mostly peaceful protestors with some using Black Bloc tactics, police used excessive force and arrests based on a brand-new provincial law
What are some mechanisms of police oversight/accountability?
- internal investigations (more for bad publicity
- criminal and civil liability (liable in court)
- civilian oversight based on separate civilian comissions or review boards
- commissions of inquiry
- less formal mechanisms
What are some requirements of an effective separate civilian commission of police behaviours?
- civilian-led
- universal injurisdiction
- given full powers of investigation
name some less formal mechanisms of oversight of police behaviours
- emphasizing the constabulary ethic
- community feedback
- unflattering media exposure
- citizen surveilance
- body-worn videos
define the constabulary ethic
the norms and values of ethical policing practice
What are the four parts that influence procedural justice?
- Voice: explanation from all sides of the story
- Neutrality
- Respect - regardless of situation
- Trustworthiness - motivated by ethics
