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SOC 327 > 327-M3 - Policing: History, Structure, and Organization > Flashcards

327-M3 - Policing: History, Structure, and Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the Metropolitan Police Act?

Bonus points if you state when this was made.

A

Sir Robert Peel, 1829

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2
Q

What is consent or consent-based policing?

A

Where the power and authority of the police comes from the common consent of the public.

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3
Q

What are the 9 principles of Peel’s police?

A
  1. Effective justice is seen with no crime
  2. police must prevent crime
  3. using only policing (not judging, punishing)
  4. cooperation with the public is key
  5. less force used = more cooperation
  6. force is used as a last resort
  7. public approval of the actions/strategies of police
  8. impartiality
  9. justice happens through the community as a whole
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4
Q

What are the three R’s?

When were they established?

A
  1. Random patrol
  2. Rapid response
  3. Reactive investigation
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5
Q

What is the historical opposite of consent-based policing?

A

Professional policing

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6
Q

What is the synonym of consent-based policing?

NOT “consent”, bonus pts if you state when this was established again.

A

Community policing, which was established in 1970s.

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of police?

A
  1. RCMP
  2. Provincial Police
  3. First Nations Police Services
  4. Municipal/Regional Police Services
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8
Q

What characteristics of RCMP are different from other police?

NOT the jobs specific to RCMP, more historical/cultural

A
  • administer the Canadian Police Information Centre
  • Centralized training
  • nonunionization
  • Accountable only to the RCMP Act (federal act)
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9
Q

Canadian Police Information Centre

A

Information about people who have been charged with offenses. Includes:
- criminal checks
- DNA databank
- national sex offender registry

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10
Q

Roles of the RCMP

A
  • enforcing federal laws
  • security services
  • international peacekeeping efforts
  • intelligence/national security matters
  • contract police for provinces
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11
Q

What % of RCMP are contract police? What % of policing do they do throughout canada?

A

60%, 25% of policing.

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12
Q

What is the RCMP act?

A

A federal act that establishes the guidelines for RCMP structure and conduct. Only applicable to RCMP, and RCMP only respond to this.

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13
Q

What are the roles of the provincial police?

A
  • policing to rural areas
  • contract services to municipalities
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14
Q

What legislation do provincial police respond to?

A

Provincial police legislation

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15
Q

Name 2 examples of provincial police

A

OPP - Ontario Provincial police
SQ-QPP - Quebec Provincial Police

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16
Q

2 policing options for First Nations communities include:

A
  1. self-administered police services
  2. contracts wiht existing police services
17
Q

According to the Law Reform Commission, what are the four key values in policing?

A

JEAE
1. justice
2. equality
3. accountability
4. efficiency

18
Q

Name 3 modern police roles or functions

A
  • assistance and information
  • criminal investigation
  • crime prevention
  • law enforcement
  • maintenance of public order
  • emergency response
19
Q

Provide examples of ways police maintain public order

A
  • crowd control
  • domestic disturbances
  • natural disasters
  • medical emergencies
20
Q

Differential policing

A

treating different groups in different ways. problematic

21
Q

Explain low visibility discretion of the police

A

Police are not immediately visible to their supervisors, and cannot be criticized for their discretion in this way.

22
Q

What 3 factors influence the discretion and decision-making for police? provide an example of each.

A
  1. situational variables (offence seriousness, setting, suspect behaviour, complainer)
  2. community variables (race/class of community)
  3. extralegal factors (demographical characteristics of individuals)
23
Q

Define the Working Personality of the Police

A

the specific attitudes and behaviour that characterize police as a group

24
Q

Name some specific characteristics of the police subculture

A
  • preoccupation with danger
  • strong in-group solidarity and code of silence
  • individually-protective cynincism
  • excessive suspiciousness of people and activities
  • difficulty balancing authority with citizen rights in maintaining order
  • viewing policing as a way of life
  • conservative political and moral views
25
Q

What is North American police’s stance on education?

A

Not needed currently, but there are pros/cons. pros: better police, cons: only richer are police.

26
Q

What is the main motivation behind the resurgence of modern community policing?

A

Broken Windows theory

27
Q

Broken Window metaphor in crime

A

the creation of neighbourhood disorder is a self-sustaining community cycle. Police cannot combat this by themselves.

28
Q

3 Ps of modern Community Policing

A

Prevention
Problem-Solving
Partnership

29
Q

What are some problems with community policing applications? Name 3/6.

A
  • treating it as an “add-on” to “real” policing
  • imbalance between problem-solving and community partnership
  • hard to tailor to community needs
  • lack of support at working level
  • too few resources devoted
  • not fully integrated into routine police operations
30
Q

explain the EPS Neighbourhood Foor Patrol Project. Was it effective?

A

Police were based on mini-stations, interaction. Result in crime rate reduction, reduced repeat calls, improved user satisfaction, job satisfaction, neighbourhood and problem familiarity.

31
Q

What are hybrid forms of policing?

A

hybrids of the brown (militarized) and blue (consent-based) policing models

32
Q

What is the main consensus of the future of policing? What model is it? What evidence supports this?

A

hybrid police
supported by evidence such as
* public expectation of meeting the needs of vulnerable sectors
* growing pluralism
* changing nature of crime
* fiscal constraints of government gives way to scrutiny

33
Q

Alternate views on the future of policing

A
  1. defunding the police
  2. governmentized police
  3. different police for different jobs

SOC 327 (13 decks)

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