3.2.6

Question 1

Define speciation

Answer 1

Speciation is the process through which new species form.

Question 2

What does speciation depend on?

Answer 2

Speciation is dependent on the isolation of species, changes in the environment, and changes in the gene pool.

Question 3

How do changes in the environment lead to speciation?

Answer 3

Changes in the environment can create new niches that certain species are better adapted to, leading to divergence and the formation of new species.

Question 4

How does a change in the gene pool cause speciation?

Answer 4

Changes in the gene pool of a population can result in genetic divergence, leading to reproductive isolation and the formation of new species.

Question 5

How does adaptation lead to speciation?

Answer 5

Adaptation occurs when advantageous traits are passed on to future generations. Over time, this can result in the development of new species.

Question 6

Define geographical speciation

Answer 6

Geographic speciation occurs when two populations become separated by a physical barrier, leading to genetic divergence and the formation of new species.

Question 7

Define competitive speciation

Answer 7

After selective pressures are applied, natural selection occurs. The individuals with advantageous, diverse genetics reproduce causing speciation (genetic diversity). The new species individuals interbreed with each other rather than the population, causing reproductive isolation. The original population is outcompeted because the fitter species doesn’t reproduce with them.

Question 8

Define polyploidy

Answer 8

Polyploidy occurs when an individual or population gains an extra set of chromosomes.