3.2.1

Question 1

Define biological evolution

Answer 1

Biological evolution is the process of change and diversification of living things over time, affecting all aspects of their lives.

Question 2

What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

Answer 2

Evidence found in the fossil record, including older rocks containing simpler forms of life and more recent rocks containing more complex life forms.

Question 3

Define artificial selection

Answer 3

The process of selective breeding of organisms by humans to produce desired traits.

Question 4

What is convergent evolution?

Answer 4

The process by which similar traits evolve independently in different species as a result of adapting to similar environmental pressures.

Question 5

How does embryology support the theory of evolution?

Answer 5

Similarities in embryonic development among different species suggest a common ancestry.

Question 6

Define vestigial structures

Answer 6

Structures in an organism that have lost all or most of their original function during evolution.

Question 7

How does biogeographical distribution support the theory of evolution?

Answer 7

The distribution of different species across the globe suggests that they have evolved and adapted to their local environments.

Question 8

What is the role of genetic changes in evolution?

Answer 8

Genetic changes are responsible for changes in an organism’s hereditary makeup, which drives the process of evolution.

Question 9

What are the common processes in the history of life on earth?

Answer 9

The processes of speciation and (mas-)extinction were very common during the history of life on earth.