325V Final Exam

Question 1

Hydraulic Societies

Answer 1

Karl Wittfogel - Dry climates require irrigation for food production.

Question 2

Glen Canyon Dam

Answer 2

Lake Powell, part of the 1902 bureau of reclamation to build dams in the west to provide irrigation water and generate electricity. Also last dam build in Colorado..

Question 3

Central Arizona Project

Answer 3

Bureau of Reclamation dam and canal system that brings Colorado River water to Phoenix and Tuscon. Major canal system of the west.

Question 4

Navajo “Long Walk”

Answer 4

1864, Bosque Redondo “experiment” failed. US military forced them out and made them walk far and tried turning them into farmers, but it did not work. Attempt to resettle indians.

Question 5

Four Sacred Mountains of the Navajo

Answer 5

East- Blanca Peak (Colorado) faith and thinking, white shell.
South - Mount Taylor (NM) Planning and hope, blue turquoise.
West - Mount Humphrey (AZ) Life and love, abalone shell.
North - Hesperus Peak (Colorado) Awareness and charity, black stone.

REMEMBER THAT THEY ALL REPRESENT EQUALITY OF LIFE

Question 6

Navajo and Hopi land dispute

Answer 6

Once the Navajo were brought back from the long walk, they had a problem of whose land is it between the Hopi’s and themselves. This led to the expansion of the Navajo reservation, with a Hopi one in the middle.

Question 7

Western Apache “Stalking with Stories”

Answer 7

The names of places tell stories about the right way to live.

Question 8

Joseph Smith & and; Brigham Young (what did each emphasize in Mormon settlement)

Answer 8

Smith - the play and farming vision for Mormons.

Young - in charge of settlement and he had an urban vision.

Question 9

Bonneville Salt Flats

Answer 9

Salt flat in Utah. This used to be a lake.

Question 10

Zion (as a Mormon idea)

Answer 10

A promised land. A religious though would drive Mormons weset in search of a safe homeland.

Question 11

Deseret

Answer 11

Mormons made a bold claim over much of the land that US just captured from Mexico in 1848.

Question 12

Colonia Dublin and Colonia Juarez (define them and say why they look so much like Utah towns)

Answer 12

Because they are Mormon colonies.

Question 13

Summer Fallow System

Answer 13

Growing crops every other year in alternating strips of land.

Question 14

Ogalla Aquifier

Answer 14

Fossil groundwater pumped for irrigation.

Question 15

Buffalo Commons proposal

Answer 15

Return the plains to original. Take out large areas of crops and turn back to the Great Plain ecology. Restore the animals.

Question 16

Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

Answer 16

20 million acres needing protection to keep Yellowstone park ecologically intact.

Question 17

Fire Dependent Ecosystem

Answer 17

Nutrient cycling in the park is dependent on fire, without the parks ecosystem would be unhealthy. The cones open and drops seed only after a fire.

Question 18

Four Stages of Development of Colorado river - Early Bureau of Reclamation

Answer 18

1. Early era of Bureau of Reclamation. This allocated a percentage of CO river water to 7 US states and Mexico. There was also more water promised then there actually was. The treaty had said there was 16.5 million acres, but there is actually 15.7 million acre and it is declining.

Question 19

Four Stages of Development of Colorado river - Dam Building Era

Answer 19

2. Dam building era - hoover, glen canyon, parker, davis, and others. The goal was to create huge water storage reservoirs to collect several years of flow. This was water for the cities, farms, and electrical generation.

Question 20

Four Stages of Development of Colorado river - Canal delivery systems built

Answer 20

3. Canal delivery systems built - Central Arizona Project (CAP) Cental Utah Project (CUP) the goal was to move more water from reservoirs

Question 21

Four Stages of Development of the Colorado river - Issues about water shortages

Answer 21

4. Issues about water shortages - What is the next water hole? Debates on removing dams.

Question 22

What are the four stages of development of the Colorado river?

Answer 22

1. Early era of Bureau of Reclamation
2. Dam Building Era
3. Canal Delivery System
4. Water shortage issues.

Question 23

Karl Wittfogel

Answer 23

His book is called Oriental Despotism. His theory is that controlling water controls people.

Question 24

Marc Reisner

Answer 24

He argues that growth advocates are not accepting the aridity of the west.He believes that it is just setting up people in the west for an economic, social and ecological crisis.

Question 25

Chinampas

Answer 25

Canals with raised field. Used to be in Mexico, now just tourist attractions.

Question 26

Qanat

Answer 26

Tunnels bringing water from under hills to valleys for irrigation. Found in Iran.

Question 27

Two possible water sources for the American west and cost.

Answer 27

• Salty Brackish water in aquifers, abundant supply but cost is high.
• Desalting Ocean water - Massive supply, but cost is even higher.

Question 28

Largest water user in the west?

Answer 28

Farming is the largest water user in the west.

Question 29

Traits of the Mormon Cultural Landscape

Answer 29

There is a temple at the town center, grid of streets, there are irrigation ditches and farmland surrounding town, buildings are brick and stone, there is unpainted barns, fences posts made out of whatever is easiest. You know its a Mormon town.

Question 30

Plate of the City of Zion

Answer 30

Similar elements as laws of the Indies. The Mormon Cultural Landscape.

Question 31

Differences and Similarities of Laws of the Indies and Plat of the City of Zion?

Answer 31

They both came with an idea, Zion kind of stole Indie laws. The differences are the farmland and the buildings are different materials.

Question 32

Geographic Traits of Great Plains

Answer 32

They are flat, not fully arid but receive less that 20” of rain, Have large rivers and huge groundwater aquifer. Known to be flat and boring, but is really not. Has a lot of history, cultures, species and land use lessons.

Question 33

What are the great plains dry?

Answer 33

Rain shadow effect.

Question 34

Land ownership of the great plains

Answer 34

Mostly private owned land and mostly farm land. It was an Indian world that white people took.

Question 35

Problems of the great plains.

Answer 35

The economy has problems due to crop prices rising and dropping all of the time. Also there is not many people who live here.

Question 36

What ethnicity is dominant in the great plains?

Answer 36

White people. very conservative. Republican. Highly Christian.