3.2.4.4 Violence in Sport

Question 1

5 causes of performer violence

WINNER

Answer 1

Win ethic 
Importance 
Nature of sport ( rugby = contact sport)
NGBs (lenient) 
Emotions
Referees (frustration)

Question 2

4 implications of the acts of violence for performers

Answer 2

1. team selection
2. negative role models
3. loss of reputation & games
4. bans/fines

Question 3

5 methods to prevent performer violence

Answer 3

1. punish missed after game & stricter
2. campaigns/rewards
3. promote players with good behaviour
4. video technology (e.g TMO) = help decisions
5. extra officials help with decisions

Question 4

synoptic links for violence

Answer 4

aggression (frustration aggression) 
personality 
arousal 
NACH/NAF 
technology

Question 5

hooliganism

Answer 5

an act of vandalism and violence in public

Question 6

9 causes of spectator violence (football hooliganism)

Answer 6

1. emotions
2. alcohol/drugs
3. importance
4. lack deterrents
5. responsibility larger groups(Gangs= violence)
6. lack of stewarding
7. pre match hype from media
8. on pitch = poor officiating
9. chants/songs/taunts by oppositions/fans

Question 7

7 strategies to prevent spectator violence

Answer 7

1. police intelligence (known hooligans)
2. high punish (prison/fines)
3. facilities all seated, family zones, segregate
4. better policing/train stewards
5. ban alcohol sales (pubs surrounding)
6. CCTV identify/eject certain supporters
7. responsible media = decrease hype

Question 8

Heysel Disaster 1985

Answer 8

European cup final (Liverpool vs Juventus)
39 died, 600 injured
1 hour before kick off LFC surged towards Italian supporters crossing a fence separating teams = fans crushed together as wall collapsed
English clubs banned from Europe for 5 years
14 LFC fans found guilty of manslaughter