3.2.3 Equilibrium Flashcards
dynamic equilibrium
when the forward and backwards reactions occur at equal rates
concentrations of reactants and products stay constant and the reaction is continuous
what is le chatlier’s principle
if an external condition is changed equilibrium will shift to oppose the change
what is the effect of temperature on equilibrium
- increase in temperature, equilibrium shifts to oppose so to the endothermic direction
- decrease in temperature, equilibrium will shift to oppose so to the exothermic direction
what is the effect of pressure on equilibrium
pressure only affects equilibrium in gases
- increase in pressure, equilibrium shifts to oppose and shift towards the side with less moles of gas
- decrease in pressure, equilibrium shifts to oppose and shift towards the side with more moles of gas
what is the effect of concentration on equilibrium
increase in concentration causes equilibrium to shift to oppose this
what is the effect of catalysts on equilibrium
no effect
give the equation for the hater process
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
why can industrial processes not exist in true equilibrium
because they are not in a closed system
give the equation for the equilibrium constant Kc
aA+bBcC+dD
Kc=[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b
liquids and solids are not included as they remain constant
effect on equilibrium if Kc=1
equilibrium is halfway between reactants and products
effect on equilibrium if Kc>1
equilibrium favours the products
effect on equilibrium if Kc<1
equilibrium favours the reactants
what conditions have no effect on Kc
concentration, pressure and catalysts
what effect does temperature have on Kc
- if temperature increases Kc increases if delta H is positive and decreases if delta H is negative
- if temperature decreases Kc decreases if delta H is positive and increases if delta H is negative
