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Unit 7 History > 32.3 > Flashcards

32.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What major waterway does the ME command?

A

Persian Gulf

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2
Q

Since the CW western nations act to prevent what?

A

Regional powers from interfering with the oil supply

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3
Q

How and when was modern Israel established?

A

1948 as apart of the UN partition plan

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4
Q

What did the Arabs think of the Partition plan?

A

They think it is illegitimate

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5
Q

What did claims of land lead to?

A

War in…
- 1948
- 1956
- 1967
- 1973

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6
Q

What did Israel face after they beat the Arabs?

A

Terrorist attacks

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7
Q

What did the US try to do during these attacks?

A

Keep the peace

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8
Q

After the 1967 war Israel took control of land where?

A

In Jordan and Egypt
- west bank
- east jerusalem
- sinai peninsula
- golan heights in syria

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9
Q

When was Israel attacked in 1973?

A

During Yom Kippur

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10
Q

What is Yom Kippur?

A

One of the holiest days of the Jewish year

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11
Q

What did Arabs lose in 1973?

A

Occupied lands

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12
Q

What did Israel help Jewish settlers do?

A

Build homes in occupied lands (Palestines angry)

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13
Q

Who led the decade long struggle against Israel?

A

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

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14
Q

Who led PLO?

A

Yasir Arafat

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15
Q

How did PLO gain the worlds attention?

A
  • Airplane hijackings
  • Killing Israeli athletes at the 1972 olympics
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16
Q

What did the Philistines do in the occupied territories in 1987?

A

Resist Israel with Intifadas

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17
Q

What are intifadas?

A

Uprisings

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18
Q

What did young palestinians do to israel troops

A

Fired on them

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19
Q

What did suicide bombers do?

A

Blew up buildings and busses killing many israeli citizens

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20
Q

How did Israel respond to the suicide bombers?

A
  • Sealing towns off for raids
  • targeting terrorist leaders
    Many Pal citizens died
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21
Q

Who was Israels first woman Prime Minister?

A

Golda Meir

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22
Q

What was Meir planning?

A

Peace talks about the 1973 Arab attack

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23
Q

Who made peace with Israel and when?

A

King Hussein in 1994

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24
Q

What country would Israel not find peace with and why?

A

Syria because of the Golan heights control

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25
Q

Who signed the Oslo accords and when?

A

Arafat and the Israeli PM Yitzhak Rabin 1993

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26
Q

What were the Oslo Accords?

A

Pal authority got West Bank limited self-rule under their authority

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27
Q

What did PLO have to do when the West Bank got self-rule?

A
  • Had to recognize Is right to exist
  • PLO stopped terrorist attacks
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28
Q

What did Arafat lead?

A

Pal Authority until death in 2004

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29
Q

What did Is view Arafat as?

A

Terrorist supporter

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30
Q

Who was Arafat’s successor and what did he do?

A

Mahmoud Abbas planned to stop Pal attacks on Is

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31
Q

Violence between what two groups?

A

Fatah vs Hamas

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32
Q

Who made up Fatah?

A

Arafat and successors political party

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33
Q

Who made up Hamas?

A

Radical Islamists

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34
Q

Which of the two groups won most in parliament?

A

Hamas

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35
Q

What did Hamas attacks bring?

A

Reprisal against Pal

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36
Q

Who were the Hezbollah?

A

Radical islamist group in Lebanon and funded by Iran

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37
Q

What did Hez launch in 2006?

A

Rocket attacks in Northern Is

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38
Q

How does Is respond to Hez attacks?

A

Small attacks on land in air and in sea which led to small war with major damage

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39
Q

What is reason one why Is and Pal can’t achieve peace?

A
  • Pal wants to return “home” but their home belongs to Is and Is says no
  • Many worries this could lead to disruption in the Jewish state
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40
Q

What is reason 2?

A
  • In the early 2000s Is forced Jews to leave Gaza
  • Jewish settlers wanted to go to West Bank but Pal says no
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41
Q

Reason 3?

A

Jerusalem is the capital of Is
- Gov allowed Christians and Muslims to control their holy sites
- Pal wants Jeru as their capital for their future Pal state

42
Q

Why are Islamist groups around the world angry?

A

Because of the Is Pal problems

43
Q

Who did Iran and Syria support?

A

Radical groups out to destroy Is

44
Q

What did diplomats in Syria want?

A

Peace with Is

45
Q

Who created the road map plan?

A
  • US
  • European Union
  • Russia
  • UN
46
Q

What does Jerusalem mean?

A

City sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

47
Q

What was the road map plan?

A
  • Plan for peace between Is and Pal
  • Israel and democratic Pal peacefully live side by side
48
Q

What froze road map plans progress?

A
  • Conflicts in Pal
  • Hez attacks on Is
49
Q

Leb is a thriving center of what?

A

Commerce

50
Q

Led has what kind of population?

A

Diverse ethnic and religious groups

51
Q

After Leb got independence the gov relied on what?

A

Balance of
- Arab christian sects
- Sunni and Shiite Muslims
- Druze
Religions related to islam

52
Q

What did local strongmen control?

A
  • Districts
  • Armies
53
Q

What religion had the most power in Leb?

A

Christian

54
Q

What caused problems in Leb in 1970s and why?

A

Pal Is issues because Pal fled to Leb and the Muslim pop outnumbered Christians

55
Q

Who attacked Is on refugee borders?

A

PLO

56
Q

Who was forced into a Civil War in 1975?

A

Leb

57
Q

Who was fighting the 1975 civil war?

A

Christian and Muslim militias

58
Q

What does Militias mean?

A

Armed groups of citizen soldiers

59
Q

Who invaded Leb in 1982 and why?

A

Is to stop cross border attacks

60
Q

What did UN peacekeepers try to do?

A

Keep the peace but they fled when hundreds were killed due to suicide bombers

61
Q

What do Leb leaders do after 16 years?

A

Restore order

62
Q

What was slowly rebuilt?

A

Lebs capital Beirut

63
Q

What sparked the 1 month war

A

Hez attacking Is

64
Q

What did the 1 month war cause?

A

Destruction all over Leb

65
Q

Who was Hez popular among?

A

Leb Shiite Muslims

66
Q

What empire was Iraq carved from?

A

Ottoman Empire

67
Q

Who made up the Iraq population?

A

Sunni Arabs (dominant)
- Shiite (majority)
- Kurds (northern iraq)

68
Q

What did Kurds demand

A

Self rule

69
Q

What caused the Iran Iraq war?

A

Land disputes

70
Q

what did the 1980 Iraq dictator do?

A

Took advantage of Iran turmoil (Saddam Hussien)

71
Q

what did the 1980 Iraq dictator do?

A

Took advantage of Iran turmoil (Saddam Hussein)

72
Q

How did Huss take advantage of turmoil?

A
  • After Islam rev Huss seized dispute border area which resulted in a long war
  • Iraq used poison gas and weapons on Iran soldiers
  • Attacked oil tankers and offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf
73
Q

What did US send to shipping aid to try to help?

A

Naval aid

74
Q

When did the war end and what did it end in?

A

Stalemate in 1988

75
Q

What did Iraq and Iran face after the war?

A

Major economic and human toll

76
Q

What did Huss repress during the war?

A

Kurdish revolt in the north

77
Q

What did Huss release on the Kurd civilians?

A

Chemical weapons

78
Q

What did Huss actions toward Kurds spark?

A

Genocide

79
Q

What does Iraq do to Kuwait in 1990 and why?

A

Invades because of rich oil fields

80
Q

Why does Huss want to take over Kuwait?

A

For greater access to the persian gulf

81
Q

Huss feels Kuwait is apart of what?

A

Iraq

82
Q

What tactics did Huss use to stay in power?

A
  • Torture
  • Execution
83
Q

What did the UN set up to protect Shiite and Kurds from Huss?

A

No- fly zones

84
Q

What are no fly zones?

A

Areas where Iraqi aircrafts were forbidden to fly

85
Q

What did the UN try to keep Huss from doing?

A

Using oil profits for weapons of mass destruction

86
Q

What are weapons of mass?

A

Nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons

87
Q

Who did Huss constantly defy?

A

UN

88
Q

What does the US and Britain charge Huss for in the early 2000s?

A

Terrorist support and weapons of mass

89
Q

What did Brit and US form and why?

A

Coalition to invade Iraq in 2003

90
Q

Did the coalition win?

A

Yes

91
Q

What did Huss get faced with for his war crime?

A

Trial and execution

92
Q

What do Shiite Sunni and Kurdish leaders do after Huss is gone?

A

Create a constitution and holds elections in 2005

93
Q

Why slowed the rebuilding of Iraq?

A

Violence

94
Q

Who fought the Shiite led gov?

A

Insurgents

95
Q

What are insurgents?

A

Rebels

96
Q

What are some difficulties in the Iraq gov?

A
  • Ethnic and religion divisions worsened
  • Country close to civil war
97
Q

What is the capital of Iraq?

A

Baghad

98
Q

What militias fought in Baghad?

A

Sunni and Shiite

99
Q

Who trained the Iraq military?

A

US and Britain

100
Q

Who was the Iraq gov divided amongst?

A

Shiite Sunni and Kurds but they failed to work together

101
Q

Who supported Iraq military efforts and why?

A

President George W. Bush to keep the peace and stop the violence in Iraq

Unit 7 History (3 decks)

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