31.4 Flashcards
What was the Nassar Generation trying to do?
Build a strong nation in the Middle East even though they were rich in oil and other natural resources
What groups tried to stop the Nassar Generation?
Internal division and autocratic governments
What is the middle east?
A region stretching to Egypt, Iran, Arabian Peninsula, and Turkey
What were the religions in the middle east? Who was the majority? Who dominated in Israel?
- Muslims (Majority)
- Jewish (dominant in Israel)
- Christians
What two countries carved ME into mandates or dependencies?
Britain and France
What countries did these mandates turn into?
- Iraq
- Syria
- Lebanon
- Jordan
- Israel
Who were the Kurds?
Ethnic group in the North Middle East (it was a minority in all countries)
What did the Kurds face? (Especially in Turkey and Iraq)
- Discrimination
- Brutal Treatment
What did the Kurds do in the early 1970s?
Rebels fought Turkish forces and many Kurds died
When did Kurds give up the violence w Turkey?
1999 though tensions still remained
What war was Iraq defeated in?
1991 Gulf War
What did the Kurds do after Iraq’s defeat in 1991?
They rebelled and set up their own government
Who supported the Kurds and their new government? (two countries)
- US
- Britain
What did Britain support as part of the mandate?
Jewish homeland (Palenstine)
Who accepted the Palestine plan and who rejected it?
- Arabs (rejected)
- Jews (accepted)
Why did Arabs not want to give up Palestine?
Because they thought it belonged to them
When did Britain withdraw from Pal?
1948
What did the Arabs do after the Jews claimed Israel?
They declared war against Jews but they lost
How did the Jews develop rapidly in Israel?
- Skilled workers
- Force
- Growing businesses
What did Kibbutzim do?
Developed crops for export
What is a Kibbutz?
Collective farm
Conflicts in 1948 created what?
Refugee problems
Many Pal Arabs fled homes in where?
Israel
What did the UN set up to try and solve refugee problems?
Camps in surrounding areas to house refugees
What kind of government ruled most of the ME?
Autocratic
In some countries who seized power?
Nationalist military leaders
What kind of government system is in Jordan and Saudi Arabia?
Hereditary Monarchy
What kind of government is in Turkey and Israel?
Multiparty Democracy
What led to ME trade with US?
Their rich oil resources
Oil rich countries were apart of what organization? When was it founded?
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting (OPEC) founded in the 1960s
What did OPEC do in 1973? (hurt the US)
Stopped supplying the US with oil because of their support of Israel
What did some ME countries adopt?
Western forms of secular
What does secular mean?
Non religious governments and laws and separating the government from religion
What did some cities in the ME adapt to?
US lifestyle
What did the Muslim leaders call for a return to in the 1970s?
Return to Sharia (Islamic law)