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Unit 7 History > 32.2 > Flashcards

32.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did many nations in Africa win in the 50s and 60s?

A

Independence

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2
Q

African nations are home to many what?

A

Ethnic groups but many didn’t share languages

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3
Q

What divided the people?

A
  • Religious differences
  • Rivalries
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4
Q

One group normally dominates at what?

A

Others expenses

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5
Q

What did the Cold War cause?

A
  • Internal conflicts
  • Civil War
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6
Q

In the 1910s South Africa had what?

A
  • Self Rule
  • Was free from Britain
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7
Q

The freedom in SA was limited to who?

A

White settlers

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8
Q

Who created the majority and what did they not have?

A

Black people and they didn’t have the right to vote

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9
Q

How much of the SA pop did whites create?

A

less than 20%

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10
Q

What did white control?

A
  • government
  • economy
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11
Q

What did whites pass?

A

Laws restricting black majority

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12
Q

After 1948 gov does what?

A

Expands racial segregation system and created apartheid

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13
Q

What does apartheid mean?

A

Separation of races

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14
Q

What were the four main races in SA?

A
  • White
  • Black
  • Asian
  • Mixed
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15
Q

What did apartheid supporters claim?

A

That it would help each race develop culture

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16
Q

What was apartheid designed to do?

A

Protect white control in SA

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17
Q

What were black people treated as in their own country?

A

Foreigners

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18
Q

What did black people have to get permission to do?

A

Travel

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19
Q

What kind of relationships were banned?

A

Marriages between races

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20
Q

What kinds of places were segregated?

A
  • Beaches
  • Schools
  • Restaurants
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21
Q

What were some living issues cause by segregation?

A
  • Black workers payed less
  • Black people couldn’t own land almost everywhere
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22
Q

What condemned many black people to poverty?

A
  • Low wages
  • Inferior schooling
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23
Q

What is the African National Congress (ANC)?

A

Main organization that opposed apartheid and led the struggle for majority rule

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24
Q

Once apartheid started ANC organized what?

A
  • Marches
  • Boycotts
  • Strikes
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25
Q

What did police do in 1960?

A

Killed 69 men women and children during a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville

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26
Q

What is Sharpeville?

A

Black township

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27
Q

What did ANC do after Sharpeville attack?

A

When from nonviolence to armed struggle

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28
Q

Who is Nelson Mandela?

A
  • An ANC leader who encouraged nonviolence
  • When gov violence grew Mandela joined ANC militants calling for armed struggle
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29
Q

What happened to Mandela in 1960?

A

He was arrested and sentenced to life in prison for opposing apartheid

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30
Q

What did Mandela become?

A

A symbol for freedom

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31
Q

What did US and other countrie impose on SA?

A

Economic sanctions

32
Q

Who won a nobel peace prize in 1984 and why?

A

Desmond Tutu for his nonviolent acts against apartheid

33
Q

Who was Desmond Tutu?

A

Black south african bishop overcoming apartheid

34
Q

Who was F W de Kelerk?

A

President in South Africa

35
Q

What caused Klerk to end Apartheid?

A
  • Outside pressure
  • Protests
36
Q

What did Klerk do in 1990?

A
  • Unbanned AMC
  • Released Mandela
37
Q

What happened in 1994?

A

All Africans allowed to vote

38
Q

Who was elected as first President for the true democratic SA?

A

Mandela

39
Q

Who did Mandela welcome into new gov?

A

Political foes (whites who supported apartheid)

40
Q

What were there not a lot of funds for in 1994?

A
  • Housing
  • Education
  • Other programs
41
Q

After apartheid ended how much land did whites still own?

A

3/4 of the land

42
Q

What were so issues that remained after the end of apartheid?

A
  • Poverty and unemployment still high for black people
  • Crime rates high
43
Q

who supported white minority rule?

A

apartheid in Namibia and Zimbabwe

44
Q

Brit and france gave up land who refused to give land back?

A

Portugal

45
Q

How did nationalists respond to Portugal?

A

Guerilla warfare it was 15 years of fighting until portugal lost

46
Q

What countries were free from Portugal in 1975?

A
  • Angola
  • Zimbabwe
47
Q

What fuels civil wars in Africa?

A

Cold war rivalries

48
Q

Who did SA and US see as threats and why?

A

new nations because they had ties with the SU and ANC

49
Q

US and SA aided who?

A

Rebel groups toward the angola gov

50
Q

SA also aided what groups?

A

Rebel groups in Mozambique

51
Q

When did the fighting stop in Mozambique?

A

1992 major damage and high tensions

52
Q

When did the fighting stop in Angola?

A

2002 major damage and high tensions

53
Q

What were some ethnic conflicts in Africa?

A
  • Historic resentment
  • Unjust governments
  • Regional rivalries
54
Q

What were the two main groups of Rwanda?

A
  • Hutus (majority)
  • Tutsi (dominator)
55
Q

Both sides spoke the same language but had different what?

A

Traditions

56
Q

The two groups had tensions but what eased those tensions?

A

Independence

57
Q

When did tensions worsen?

A

1990

58
Q

What did Hutu officials advise in 1994?

A

For Hutus to kill Tutsis and moderate hutu neighbors

59
Q

How many were killed by this?

A

800,000

60
Q

Who many Rwandans lost their homes and why?

A

3 million out of their 8 million population because of mob violence

61
Q

Who sent troop to Rwanda to end the fighting?

A

France after the international community did nothing

62
Q

Where were the ones accused of genocide sent?

A

To international court

63
Q

What did world leaders promise after Rwanda?

A

to end all future genocides

64
Q

Who had guerilla fighting for a very long time?

A

Burundi

65
Q

When was the peace treaty in Burundi signed?

A

2000 though fighting still remained

66
Q

What happened in Sudan after they got independence?

A

Arab Muslim north dominated not arab no muslim south

67
Q

What did the Arab gov create?

A

Policed discriminating against non muslims and other ethnic groups

68
Q

What did the gov impose in non muslim areas?

A

Islamic law

69
Q

Why did million flee homes?

A
  • War
  • Drought
  • Famine
70
Q

When was there a cease fire between sudan and rebels?

A

2004

71
Q

Where did fighting worsen?

A

Darfur

72
Q

What is Darfur?

A

West region of sudan

73
Q

Gov allowed arab militias to terrorize no arab muslims how?

A
  • Burned villages
  • Drove farmers off land
  • Sent many to refugee camps
74
Q

Where did the fighting spill into?

A

Chad

75
Q

Who sent major aid to refugees?

A

US and UN

76
Q

What was the pressure on Sudan?

A

To accept the UN peace keepers

77
Q

What was the death toll?

A

Over 200,000

Unit 7 History (3 decks)

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