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Year 12 Biology AOR > 3.2.1.4 - Structure of Prokaryotic Cells > Flashcards

3.2.1.4 - Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Attachment protein

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2
Q

The nucleic acid in a virus is enclosed within a protein coat called a…

A

capsid

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3
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucelus?

A

No

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4
Q

Most of the success of bacteria is down to…

A

their small size

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5
Q

Plasmids are useful to scientists when they perform

A

genetic engineering e.g. transfer of human insulin gene to bacterial cells.

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6
Q

Sometimes a virus will have an additional layer of lipid called a..

A

lipid envelope

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7
Q

How do bacteria store energy?

A
  • Glycogen granules
  • Oil droplets
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8
Q

Describe the structure of the genetic information of a prokaryotic cell.

A
  • Main circular strand of DNA not in a nucleus
  • Smaller circular pieces of DNA (plasmids)
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9
Q

What is the function of a plasmid?

A

Small, self replicating circles of DNA that give bbacteria resistance to antibiotics.

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10
Q

Attachment proteins can be found where on a virus?

A
  • In the lipid envelope (if the virus has one)
  • In the capsid (if the virus does not have a lipid envelope.
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11
Q

What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Eukaryotic cells are larger
  • The DNA of Eukaryotic cells is found in a nucleus.
  • Eukaryotic cells have organelles with membranes (mitochondria/chloroplasts etc.)
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12
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Large circle of DNA

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13
Q

What is meant by a membrane bound organelle?

A

An organelles that has its own phospholipid bilayer.

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14
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Lipid envelope

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15
Q

Identify the membrane bound organelles of a eukaroytic cell that would not be present in a prokaryotic cell.

A
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplasts
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Vacuoles
  • Lysosomes
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16
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Genetic material (RNA)

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17
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cell-surface membrane

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18
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Capsule

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19
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Reverse transcriptase enzyme

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20
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cell wall (containing murein)

21
Q

The outer layer of mucilagionus slime around a bacterial cell is called the…

A

capsule

22
Q

Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles e.g. mitochondrion?

A

No

23
Q

How small are bacteria?

A

0.1-10 µm

24
Q

Are viruses generally bigger or smaller than bacteria?

A

smaller

25
Q

The cell wall of bacteria contains a peptidoglycan (polysaccharide chains with peptide cross-links) called…

A

murein

26
Q

How big is a virus?

A

20-300 nm

27
Q

Give an example of a prokaryote

A

Bacteria

28
Q

Are viruses alive?

A

No as they cannot reproduce without a host. (think MRS GREN)

29
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Ribosome

30
Q

What is the function of the attachment proteins on a virus?

A
  • Identificaiton of a host cell.
  • Attachment to a host cell
31
Q

How can some bacterial cells perform photosynthesis if they do not contain chloroplasts?

A

They contain ‘bacterial chlorophyll’ which is associated with the memrbane of the bacterial cell.

32
Q

Is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell associated with proteins (histones)?

A

No

33
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Plasmid

34
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Matrix

35
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Cytoplasm

36
Q

Prokaryotic cells contain ______ ribosomes. These are smaller than 80S ribsomes that are found in eukaryotic cells.

A

70S

37
Q

Identify the missing label.

A

Capsid

38
Q

How do bacterial cells divide?

A

binary fission

39
Q

Desribe 2 aseptic techniques for growing bacteria

A

keep lid on

wear gloves

wash hands

use sterile pipette

flame the neck of the bottle

flame to innoculating loop

40
Q

contrast a human cell with a bacterial cell

(try and think of 5 key features)

A
  1. Bacterial cell is much smaller than a human cell;
  2. Bacterial cell has a cell wall but human cell does not;
  3. Bacterial cell lacks a nucleus but human cell has a nucleus;
  4. Bacterial cell lacks membrane-bound organelles but human cell has membrane-bound organelles;
  5. Bacterial ribosomes smaller than human ribosomes / bacteria have 70S ribosomes whereas humans have 80S ribosomes;
  6. Bacterial DNA is circular but human DNA is linear;
  7. Bacterial DNA is ‘naked’ whereas human DNA is bound to histones/proteins;
41
Q

Describe how bacteria divide

A

binary fission

replcation of DNA (circular)

division of cytoplasm to produce 2 DAUGHTER cells

each with a single copy of DNA

42
Q

When growing bacteria, it is grown on agar, why is the agar boiled before pouring agar plates?

A

to kills unwanted bacteria that could contaminate the plate

43
Q

Give 2 ways in which the DNA of prokaryotic DNA is different to arrangement of DNA in humans

A

Prokaryotic DNA is

  1. Circular (not linear)

2 Not associated with histones/proteins

  1. Only ONE piece of DNA
  2. Plasmids also present
44
Q

Name the main biological molecule in a bacterial cell wall

A

murein or glcoprotein or peptidoglycans

45
Q

name the mani biological molecule in the cell membrane

A

phospholipid

46
Q

name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide

A

binary fission

47
Q

compare the DNA in eukaryotes with prokaryotes

A

nucelotide structure same

joined by phosphodiester bond

DNA same in both

48
Q

contrast the DNA in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

eukaryotic DNA longER

Eukaryotic DNA contains introns prokaryotic DNA does not

eukaryotic DNA linear, prokaryotic circular

eukaryotic DNA associated with proteins, prokaryotic DNA is not

Year 12 Biology AOR (43 decks)

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