3.1.2.1 Introduction to Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are the units of the mole?

Answer 1

mol

Question 2

Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…

Answer 2

monomers

Question 3

Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?

Answer 3

a condensation reaction

Question 4

Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?

Answer 4

Polynucleotides

Question 5

Name the common biological monomers

Answer 5

mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)

monosaccharides

amino acids

Question 6

Describe a hydrogen bond

Answer 6

When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.

Question 7

How else can 1 mol dm^-3 be written?

Answer 7

1 mole per litre

1 Molar

1 M

Question 8

How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?

Answer 8

Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together.

Question 9

a hydrolysis reaction requires…

Answer 9

the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.

Question 10

What is meant by metabolism?

Answer 10

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body

Question 11

The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…

Answer 11

polymerisation

Question 12

What is a solute?

Answer 12

The solid that is dissolved to make a solution

Question 13

Name 3 common biological polymers

Answer 13

Polynucleotides

Polysaccharides

Polypeptides (proteins)

Question 14

Define a ‘molar solution’ (1 M)

Answer 14

A molar solution (1 M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm³) of solution.

Question 15

How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon-12?

Answer 15

6.022 x 10²³

Question 16

What is 6.022 x 10²³ referred to as?

Answer 16

Avagadros Number

Avagadros Constant

The number of something in 1 mole

Question 17

Describe a covalent bond

Answer 17

When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.

Question 18

Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

a condensation reaction releases…

Answer 19

a water molecule when monomers join

Question 20

1 litre = _____ dm³

Answer 20

1 litre = 1 dm³

Question 21

How many of something are there in 1 mole?

Answer 21

6.022 × 10²³

Question 22

Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together

Answer 22

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Question 23

Long chains of monomer sub units are called…

Answer 23

polymers

Question 24

How else can 1 mole per litre be written?

Answer 24

1 mole dm^-3

1 Molar

1 M

Question 25

Moles are used when talking about large numbers of substances such as…

Answer 25

Atoms

Molecules

Question 26

What is a molecule?

Answer 26

When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

Question 27

Describe an ionic bond

Answer 27

When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-

Question 28

What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?

Answer 28

12 g

Question 29

What is an atom?

Answer 29

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

Question 30

How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?

Answer 30

Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.

Question 31

what is a solvent?

Answer 31

The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution

Question 32

Which polymer do many amino acids form?

Answer 32

Polypeptides (proteins)

Question 33

Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?

Answer 33

hydrolysis

Question 34

name the molecule

Answer 34

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 35

Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen

Answer 35

protein/amino acids

DNA

RNA

ATP/ADP

NAD/NADP

nucleotide

Question 36

define a monomer

Answer 36

smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)

Question 37

What monomers make up lactose?

Answer 37

galactose and glucose

Question 38

name the bond between 2 monosaccarides

Answer 38

glycosidic

Question 39

name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 39

ester