3.1.2.1 Introduction to Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the units of the mole?

A

mol

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2
Q

Individual biological molecules that can be linked to form chains are called…

A

monomers

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3
Q

Which type of reaction take place every time a monomer undergoes polymerisation?

A

a condensation reaction

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4
Q

Which polymer do many mononucleotides form?

A

Polynucleotides

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5
Q

Name the common biological monomers

A

mononucleotides (or just nucleotides)

monosaccharides

amino acids

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6
Q

Describe a hydrogen bond

A

When the positive charge of one polar molecule is attracted to the negative charge of another polar molecule.

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7
Q

How else can 1 mol dm-3 be written?

A

1 mole per litre

1 Molar

1 M

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8
Q

How can we find the mass of 1 mole of a more complex molecule?

A

Look up the atomic masses of each element that make up the molecule and add them together.

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9
Q

a hydrolysis reaction requires…

A

the addition of water to separate a polymer into its monomers.

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10
Q

What is meant by metabolism?

A

All of the chemical reactions that are taking place in the human body

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11
Q

The process of polymer formation from monomers is called…

A

polymerisation

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12
Q

What is a solute?

A

The solid that is dissolved to make a solution

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13
Q

Name 3 common biological polymers

A

Polynucleotides

Polysaccharides

Polypeptides (proteins)

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14
Q

Define a ‘molar solution’ (1 M)

A

A molar solution (1 M) is a solution that contains 1 mole of solute in every litre (dm3) of solution.

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15
Q

How many atoms of carbon-12 are found in 1 mole of carbon-12?

A

6.022 x 1023

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16
Q

What is 6.022 x 1023 referred to as?

A

Avagadros Number

Avagadros Constant

The number of something in 1 mole

17
Q

Describe a covalent bond

A

When atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell.

18
Q

Which polymer do many monosaccharides form?

A

Polysaccharides

19
Q

a condensation reaction releases…

A

a water molecule when monomers join

20
Q

1 litre = _____ dm3

A

1 litre = 1 dm3

21
Q

How many of something are there in 1 mole?

A

6.022 × 1023

22
Q

Name the 3 types of bond that join biological molecules together

A

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Long chains of monomer sub units are called…

A

polymers

24
Q

How else can 1 mole per litre be written?

A

1 mole dm-3

1 Molar

1 M

25
Q

Moles are used when talking about large numbers of substances such as…

A

Atoms

Molecules

26
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

27
Q

Describe an ionic bond

A

When oppositely charge ions are attracted to one another e.g. Na+ and Cl-

28
Q

What is the mass of 1 mole of carbon?

A

12 g

29
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

30
Q

How can we easily find the mass of 1 mole of an element?

A

Look up the atomic mass of the element on a periodic table.

31
Q

what is a solvent?

A

The liquid that a solute is dissolved into to make a solution

32
Q

Which polymer do many amino acids form?

A

Polypeptides (proteins)

33
Q

Which type of reaction take place every time a polymer is broken down into monomers?

A

hydrolysis

34
Q

name the molecule

A

unsaturated fatty acid

35
Q

Name a biological molecule that contains nitrogen

A

protein/amino acids

DNA

RNA

ATP/ADP

NAD/NADP

nucleotide

36
Q

define a monomer

A

smaller/repeating unit/molecule from which a larger molecule is made (polymer)

37
Q

What monomers make up lactose?

A

galactose and glucose

38
Q

name the bond between 2 monosaccarides

A

glycosidic

39
Q

name the bond between fatty acids and glycerol

A

ester